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由建筑師們在2011年自行發(fā)起的布爾諾Zvonarka中央巴士總站的重新設(shè)計，彰顯了場地的野獸派建筑特征，反映出CHYBIK + KRISTOF對建筑遺產(chǎn)保護的長期投入。建筑師們充分領(lǐng)會了車站在城市社會結(jié)構(gòu)中的核心作用，展現(xiàn)出他們在推動建設(shè)性社會變革中所承擔的責任。他們對破敗、急需重塑的交通樞紐和公共空間予以解決，以通透性和可達性為設(shè)計核心，將巴士總站轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦m應當前社會需求的功能實體。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. ? CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

布爾諾的Zvonarka中央巴士總站建于1988年，長期以來與國際知名的布拉格酒店和Transgas大樓一樣，被認為是捷克的野獸派建筑中僅存的著名遺存。野獸派建筑或“粗制混凝土”，意為先進性或?qū)嶒炐缘穆懵痘炷两ㄖ?，在?zhàn)后建筑中占據(jù)主要地位。長期以來建筑師和學者對這一類型建筑的評價呈現(xiàn)兩極分化。CHYBIK + KRISTOF也是如此，正如知名建筑師扎哈·哈迪德（Zaha Hadid）和隈研吾（Kengo Kuma）一樣，他們一貫主張保護野獸派遺產(chǎn)建筑引人入勝的建筑美學和建材的原始品質(zhì)。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. ? CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

近年來許多此類建筑已遭拆除或面臨著相同命運，包括2014年被拆除的布拉格酒店和2019被年拆除的Transgas大樓、飽受爭議的倫敦羅賓漢花園 (2017年拆除) 和美國的巴勒斯惠康大廈 (2021年拆除)。CHYBIK + KRISTOF承諾加入對這些遺產(chǎn)建筑的保護隊伍，并將Zvonarka巴士總站大樓作為當?shù)靥幚泶祟惽闆r的范例。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. ? CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

“建筑的拆除是全球都在面臨的一個問題，” CHYBIK + KRISTOF聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、建筑師 Michal Kristof解釋說：“作為建筑師，我們的職責是加入這些語境，并昭示我們并非于空白紙上創(chuàng)作。我們需要考慮既有的建筑并以其為基礎(chǔ)來進展，逐步將語境從創(chuàng)造轉(zhuǎn)為改造。”

改造前

作為該地區(qū)城際交通的主要巴士站，Zvonarka中央巴士總站設(shè)計于1984年，1988年建成。1989年，建筑僅完成了首期建設(shè)便被私有化，繼續(xù)作為公交車站使用。這里被公認為野獸派遺產(chǎn)建筑，由于維護成本高昂，建筑幾乎未得到任何維護并逐漸破敗。

改造前

2011年，CHYBIK + KRISTOF關(guān)注到車站的情況。為看似無法修復的空間提出積極解決方案的殷切目標驅(qū)動下，他們帶著初步的重新設(shè)計方案聯(lián)系了私人業(yè)主方。該提案通過社交媒體吸引了公眾的廣泛關(guān)注，并推動了當?shù)厮饺死嫦嚓P(guān)者和公共當局間的對話。歷經(jīng)四年的交流合作，項目于2015年獲得了所需資金，值得一提的是它還被納入了歐洲基金項目。十年后的2021年，建筑師們揭幕了經(jīng)過修復和重新設(shè)計的交通樞紐公共空間，這一保護完好的野獸派遺產(chǎn)建筑和重新配置的功能空間，對建筑的歷史和不斷變化的社會需求都予以了關(guān)注。

Zvonarka中央巴士總站展示出CHYBIK + KRISTOF在項目構(gòu)思時深刻的社會意識。他們首先確認不斷變化的社會動態(tài)，并開展了包括建筑師、公共實體和私人合作伙伴、本地和外部的合作伙伴的不同的利益相關(guān)者間的交流。通過采取綜合性的社會文化和技術(shù)方法，他們最終提出了以用戶為本的意識化設(shè)計，超越了單純的施工過程。由于交通樞紐愈發(fā)成為城市的窗口，更加確定了這一過渡空間的重要性，設(shè)計突顯了車站作為城市進出節(jié)點的作用。在構(gòu)思滿足用戶需求的功能重新設(shè)計的同時，建筑師將車站的本質(zhì)作為城市的社會神經(jīng)來培育，設(shè)想如何將其進一步融入周圍的城市結(jié)構(gòu)，并為其引入全新的社會活力。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. ? CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

在對項目的全情參與中，CHYBIK + KRISTOF將自身定義為這一城市空間的建筑師和市民。在這樣的過程中，他們考慮了既有與構(gòu)想、公共與私人、功能與體驗之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系、細微差別以及協(xié)同作用，并始終強調(diào)車站作為交通樞紐的主要作用。這里每天的區(qū)域、國內(nèi)和國際的班車達820個，運送旅客達17000人次。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. ? CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

新的設(shè)計以通透性為根本。為了致敬原建筑的建筑師Radúz Russ，建筑團隊自豪地展示了車站原有的典型的野獸派元素——鋼支撐框架和混凝土屋頂，這種棱角與展現(xiàn)車輛和乘客流動的有機波浪形成鮮明對比。建筑師轉(zhuǎn)向結(jié)構(gòu)的透明度，拆除墻壁并讓光線充盈其中，以喚起人們對安全舒適出行的記憶。依照原來的方形平面布局，他們對主廳重新配置，將其打造為開放的無墻結(jié)構(gòu)。雙面屋頂和內(nèi)部空間將各個公車站點容納其中，外部區(qū)域則作為公共汽車的停車位使用。建筑師們希望站廳向城市開放，因此拆除了20世紀90年代增建的臨時結(jié)構(gòu)，并在街面打造了第二個入口。破舊的主結(jié)構(gòu)被重新粉刷成白色并添加上新的照明設(shè)施，設(shè)計還引入了新的信息辦公室、售票和等候區(qū)、站臺，以及可供殘疾人使用的定位系統(tǒng)。通過這一設(shè)計，CHYBIK + KRISTOF將建筑轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€充滿活力、功能強大而內(nèi)核則是社交中心的空間，引導當?shù)厝巳汉统丝妥杂闪鲃印?/span>

Photography by alex shoots buildings. ? CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

CHYBIK + KRISTOF建筑規(guī)劃事務(wù)所由Ondrej Chybik和Michal Kristof于2010年創(chuàng)立，擁有超過50人的國際團隊，在布拉格、布爾諾和布拉迪斯拉發(fā)設(shè)有辦公室。CHYBIK + KRISTOF致力于在私家空間和公共空間之間搭建平臺，跨越世代和社會領(lǐng)域。事務(wù)所將當?shù)氐臍v史和環(huán)境特色納入考量，打造出涵蓋城市開發(fā)、公共建筑和住宅等類型豐富、范圍廣泛的項目。近期作品包括2015年米蘭世博會捷克館，以及位于捷克的Lahofer酒廠、Zvonarka公交車站和伊赫拉瓦多功能競技場。CHYBIK + KRISTOF榮獲了多個設(shè)計類獎項，其中包括由Architectural Record辦法的2019年度先鋒設(shè)計獎，入選了歐洲建筑藝術(shù)設(shè)計和城市研究中心的2019年40位40歲以下獎項名錄。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. ? CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

Initiated by the architects in 2011, the redesign of Brno's Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal brings to light the site's original Brutalist identity – and CHYBIK + KRISTOF's longstanding engagement in preserving architectural heritage. Receptive to the station's central role in the city's social fabric, the architects demonstrate their responsibility and commitment to driving constructive social change. They address the urgency to rethink the use of a decaying transportation hub and public space. Placing transparency, and access, at the root of their design, they have transformed the bus terminal into a functional entity adapted to current social needs.

Akin to the internationally renowned Hotel Praha and Transgas buildings in Prague, Brno's Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal, built in 1988, has long been considered one of the notable remaining examples of the Czech Republic's Brutalist architectural heritage. Dominating much of post-war architecture, Brutalism or “béton brut” – referring to the exposed concrete architecture that simultaneously celebrates progressiveness and experimentalism – has long polarized architects and scholars alike, among whom CHYBIK + KRISTOF. Like notable figures from Zaha Hadid to Kengo Kuma, they have consistently advocated for the preservation of Brutalist architectural heritage, citing its intriguing aesthetic and raw material qualities.?

改造前

With many such structures demolished or threatened in recent years – among which the now demolished Hotel Praha (2014) and Transgas (2019), the controversial Robin Hood Gardens (2017) in London and the Burroughs Wellcome Building (2021) in the United States, CHYBIK + KRISTOF affirm their engagement for their protection, placing the Brutalist Zvonarka Bus Terminal building as a local case-in-point of such circumstances.

“Demolitions are a global issue,” explains co-founding architect Michal Kristof. “Our role as architects is to engage in these conversations and demonstrate that we no longer operate from a blank page. We need to consider and also work from existing architecture – and gradually shift the conversation from creation to transformation.”

改造前

Designed in 1984 and built in 1988, the Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal has continuously acted as the region's main bus station for intercity transport. In 1989, the building was privatized, with only the first phases of construction complete, and resuming its role as a bus station. Recognized as a Brutalist heritage site, its high maintenance costs led to little upkeep, driving to its gradual deterioration.

In 2011, CHYBIK + KRISTOF grew aware of the station's decaying conditions. Eager to advance a positive alternative to a seemingly irrecoverable space, they reached out to its private owners with an elementary redesign proposal. Drawing wide public attention through social media, their initiative prompted a conversation between local private stakeholders and public authorities – and after a four- year-long collaborative exchange, the required funding was attained in 2015, notably through the project's recognition as a European funds project. In 2021, ten years later, the architects now unveil the restored and redesigned transportation hub and public space – a preserved Brutalist heritage site and reconfigured functional space, attentive to both its history and to evolving social needs.

改造前

The Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal mirrors CHYBIK + KRISTOF's profound social awareness in conceiving their projects. First identifying the ongoing social dynamics, they engage with diverse stakeholders – architects, public entities and private partners, local and external. Adopting a holistic sociocultural and technical approach, they ultimately bring forward a user-centered, conscious design – one that moves beyond the mere construction process. Stressing the station's role as the point of entry into and departure from the city, they outline the significance of this transitional space, as transportation hubs increasingly come to act as windows onto cities. All-the-while conceiving a functional redesign receptive to users' needs, the architects cultivate the station's essence as the city's social nerve, envisioning how to further integrate it in the surrounding urban fabric and invite new social dynamics within it.

True to these two engagements, CHYBIK + KRISTOF position themselves as both architects and citizens of this urban space. In doing so, they consider the inherent relationships, nuances and synergies between the existing and the envisioned, the public and the private, the function and the experience – all-the-while stressing the station's primary role as a transportation hub, through which over 820 regional, national and international connections and 17,000 passengers transit each day.

Transparency is at the root of their new design. Paying homage to its original architect Radúz Russ, they proudly expose the station's characteristically raw Brutalist elements – a steel supporting frame and concrete roof – contrasting their angularity with an organic wave that mirrors the seamless flow of vehicles and passengers. They also turn to structural transparency, removing walls and favoring light as evocative of access, safety and comfort. Following the original square floorplan, they reconfigure the main hall as an open structure devoid of walls. A two-sided roof, the inner space houses the individual bus stops while the outer area serves as a parking space for buses. Eager to open up the terminal onto the city, the architects remove the temporary structures added in the 1990s and erect a second entry to the station at street level. Adding new light fixtures onto the main worn-down structure, which they repaint in white, they introduce a new information office, ticketing and waiting areas, platforms, and an orientation system accessible to the disabled. Through this design, CHYBIK + KRISTOF transform the building into a dynamic, functional and intrinsically social hub, channeling an unrestricted flow of locals and passengers alike.

CHYBIK + KRISTOF is an architecture and urban design practice founded in 2010 by Ondrej Chybik and Michal Kristof. Operating with 50+ international team members and offices in Prague, Brno and Bratislava, the practice aims at creating bridges between private and public space, transcending generations and societal spheres. Taking into account local histories and environmental specificities, the studio works on a wide array of projects, ranging from urban developments to public and residential buildings. Recent projects include: Gallery of Furniture (Czech Republic), the Czech Pavilion at Expo 2015 (Milan, Italy) and Lahofer Winery (Czech Republic). The studio has been awarded a number of prizes including the 2019 Design Vanguard Award from Architectural Record, and was recently amongst the European Centre for Architecture Art Design and Urban Studies' 2019 40 Under 40 Award winners.

https://chybik-kristof.com/

Location:?Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal Zvona?ka 411, 617 00 Brno Czech Republic

Project Team:?Ondrej Chybik, Michal Kristof, Ondrej Svancara (Project Leader), Ingrid Spacilova, Adam Jung, Krystof Foltyn, Martin Holy, Laura Emilija Druktenyte.

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