Verbs: Past & Future

The following endings change the tense of a verb:

下面的結尾能夠讓動詞的時態(tài)發(fā)生改變：

-is = past（過去時）
-os = future（將來時）

There are no exceptions to this rule!

這個規(guī)律并沒有例外！

Note: In English, sometimes part of a sentence is expressed in the present tense, even though the event actually takes place in the future. In Esperanto, both parts of the sentence are in the future tense, since they happen then. For example:

注意：在英語里面，盡管所表達的事情發(fā)生在將來，但句子中某些部分依然用現(xiàn)在時表達。在世界語中，句子全部使用將來時來表達，因為它們是將來要發(fā)生的。例如：

Kion vi faros, kiam vi estos gepatroj?
What will you do when you are parents?

當你成為父母的時候，你會怎么做？

Ni iros al la drinkejo ?i-vespere.
We are going to the bar tonight.

我們今晚去酒吧

Post kiam/Anta? ol

The preposition post means "after" and is usually followed by a noun:

介詞“post”的意思是“之后（after）”，它的后面通常跟名詞：

post la matenman?o
after breakfast

早餐之后

post la oka horo
after eight o'clock

八點鐘之后

However, if you want to use post with a verb phrase, you have to use post kiam:

然而，你要是想讓post和動詞短語一起使用，你就要用“post kiam”：

Post kiam ni matenman?is...
After we [had] had breakfast...

在我們吃完早餐之后....

Post kiam mi laboris, mi dormis.
After I [had] worked, I slept.

下班之后，我睡了

In the same way, anta? ("before" or "in front of") is usually followed by a noun, while anta? ol (before) needs to be used before verbs or verb phrases.

同樣的，anta?（意為之前“before”或者在....的前面“in front of”）后面通常跟名詞，而anta? ol則要放在動詞或者動詞短語之前。

?i staras anta? la pordo.
She is standing in front of the door.

她站在門的前面。

Sofia alvenis anta? la man?o.
Sofia arrived before the meal.

她在用餐之前到達了（這里）。

Ni man?is anta? ol li alvenis.
We ate before he arrived.

我們在他來之前就吃了

原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs-Past-Future/tips-and-notes

翻譯：vanilo