原文鏈接：

https://worldcoin.org/blog/engineering/opening-orb-look-inside-worldcoin-biometric-imaging-device

Given the scope of Worldcoin’s mission, we approach everything from a set of founding principles based on privacy, trust and transparency.

考慮到Worldcoin的使命范圍，我們會從隱私、信任和透明度的一系列基本原則出發(fā)，處理所有事務(wù)。

That’s why we remain committed to open sourcing as much of the technology we create and use as possible. We also want to enable others to develop, build and operate similar devices that integrate with the World ID protocol, with the ultimate goal of fully decentralizing every part of the project.

這就是為什么我們一直致力于盡可能開源我們創(chuàng)建和使用的技術(shù)。我們也希望能夠讓其他人開發(fā)、構(gòu)建和運營與World ID協(xié)議集成的類似設(shè)備，從而最終實現(xiàn)項目的完全去中心化。

The intention of this post is to share specific, substantive details about the hardware we’re building. After three years of R&D, we’re excited to showcase the Orb, explain at a high level how it works and release corresponding hardware engineering files. We see this as an important step on our journey to making our commitment to transparency more credible to the global community.

本文的目的是分享我們正在構(gòu)建的硬件的具體、實質(zhì)性細節(jié)。經(jīng)過三年的研發(fā)，我們很高興能夠展示Orb，高層次地解釋它的工作原理，并發(fā)布相應(yīng)的硬件工程文件。我們把這看作是我們向全球社區(qū)展示我們對透明度承諾更有可信度的重要一步。

Over the coming months, we’ll publish more articles explaining other parts of the Orb and the sign-up flow.

在未來幾個月中，我們將發(fā)布更多的文章，解釋Orb的其他部分和注冊流程。

Why did we need custom hardware,
and why does it scan the iris?

When Worldcoin started, we didn’t intend to develop a physical device, let alone one built for biometric imaging.

當Worldcoin剛開始時，我們并沒有打算開發(fā)一個物理設(shè)備，更不用說一個專為生物識別圖像而設(shè)計的設(shè)備了。

Building custom hardware is difficult and expensive, and no one wants to do it if they can avoid it.

構(gòu)建定制硬件是困難且昂貴的，如果可以避免的話，沒有人愿意這樣做。

Instead, our goal was to freely distribute a new digital token to everyone in the world as a way to help them access and participate in the global economy.

相反，我們的目標是免費向全世界的每個人分發(fā)一種新的數(shù)字代幣，以幫助他們訪問和參與全球經(jīng)濟。

It was only after concluding that biometrics are the sole realistic way of achieving our goal that we set out to create the Orb.

只有在得出生物識別是實現(xiàn)我們目標的唯一現(xiàn)實途徑的結(jié)論之后，我們才開始創(chuàng)建Orb。

Learn more about the inclusivity of biometrics and why Worldcoin uses them here.

在這里了解更多關(guān)于生物識別的包容性以及Worldcoin為什么使用它們的原因。

As we explored many different ways to solve sybil resistance and prove unique personhood, our research showed that iris scanning offers the most accurate biometrics with an acceptable user experience that has been successfully tested at scale.

當我們探索許多不同的方法來解決Sybil防御和證明唯一身份時，我們的研究表明，虹膜掃描提供了最準確的生物識別，并具有可接受的用戶體驗，已經(jīng)在大規(guī)模測試中成功應(yīng)用。

This is because the iris has strong fraud resistance and data richness, meaning it can be used to accurately differentiate between billions of unique humans.

這是因為虹膜具有強大的反欺詐能力和數(shù)據(jù)豐富性，意味著它可以準確區(qū)分數(shù)十億個獨特的人類。

The more data rich the biometric marker (e.g., the iris), the fairer and more inclusive the system.

生物識別標記（例如虹膜）的數(shù)據(jù)越豐富，系統(tǒng)就越公平和包容。

Importantly, false rejections are not constant but increase with scale.

重要的是，錯誤拒絕并不是恒定的，而是隨著規(guī)模增大而增加。

Eventually, most systems hit a wall and do not allow anyone new to join.

最終，大多數(shù)系統(tǒng)都會遇到瓶頸，不允許任何新人加入。

This means that existing technologies with less data richness like FaceID would only be able to accommodate a few million people.

這意味著像FaceID這樣數(shù)據(jù)豐富度較低的現(xiàn)有技術(shù)只能容納幾百萬人。

Since commercially available iris imaging devices did not meet our technology or security needs, we spent years developing our own to enable universal access to the global economy in the most inclusive manner possible.

由于商用虹膜成像設(shè)備不能滿足我們的技術(shù)或安全需求，我們花費了多年時間開發(fā)自己的設(shè)備，以最包容的方式實現(xiàn)對全球經(jīng)濟的普遍訪問。

The Orb hardware repository

As a first step towards open sourcing the Orb, we’re releasing all relevant, hardware-related engineering files for its current version in our repository.

作為向開源Orb邁出的第一步，我們在我們的代碼庫中發(fā)布了所有相關(guān)的硬件工程文件，適用于目前版本的Orb。

You can download Eagle (PCBs) to view the files and use Autodesk’s CAD viewers for free.

您可以下載Eagle（PCBs）查看文件，并免費使用Autodesk的CAD查看器。

Feedback for design improvements is welcome and highly encouraged.

歡迎并鼓勵對設(shè)計改進的反饋。

We’re aware that, by developing the Orb, we’re advancing state-of-the-art iris biometrics.

我們知道，通過開發(fā)Orb，我們正在推進最先進的虹膜生物識別技術(shù)。

That’s why all files are published under a license that’s based on the MIT license but prohibits the use of the licensed materials for surveillance applications as well as any other applications that could be harmful to the rights of individuals.

這就是為什么所有文件都是根據(jù)MIT許可證發(fā)布的，但禁止將許可材料用于監(jiān)視應(yīng)用程序以及可能損害個人權(quán)利的任何其他應(yīng)用程序。

The remainder of the article will go through a teardown of the Orb, with a few engineering anecdotes included.

本文的剩余部分將介紹Orb的解構(gòu)過程，并包括一些工程趣聞。

The Orb teardown

Three years of R&D, including one year of small-scale field testing and one year of transition to manufacturing at scale, have led to the current version of the Orb.

三年的研發(fā)，包括一年的小規(guī)模現(xiàn)場測試和一年的向大規(guī)模制造的過渡，最終導致了Orb的當前版本。

Today’s Orb represents a precise balance of development speed, compactness, user experience, cost and at-scale production with minimal compromise being made on imaging quality and security.

今天的Orb代表了在開發(fā)速度、緊湊性、用戶體驗、成本和大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方面的精確平衡，同時最小限度地在圖像質(zhì)量和安全性方面做出妥協(xié)。

There will likely be future versions that are optimized even further.

未來可能會有更進一步優(yōu)化的版本。

However, the current version represents a key milestone that allows us to increase the number of Orbs in the field.

然而，當前版本代表了一個重要的里程碑，使我們能夠增加現(xiàn)場Orb的數(shù)量。

We’ll now take you through some of the most important engineering details of the Orb, as well as how the imaging system works.

現(xiàn)在我們將帶您了解Orb的一些最重要的工程細節(jié)，以及成像系統(tǒng)的工作原理。

For security purposes, we will only explicitly leave out tamper detection mechanisms that are meant to catch intrusion attempts.

出于安全考慮，我們將明確省略旨在捕獲入侵嘗試的篡改檢測機制。

Removing the Shell