在紅色警戒2地圖制作的時，真正熟練掌握了地圖制作后，最大的問題將會是面臨數(shù)不清的無論熱門還是冷門的錯誤和限制，學(xué)會糾錯，建立自己的Debug意識，將是從入門跨入進(jìn)階的一個重要轉(zhuǎn)變。

地圖制作作為一個可視化的淺層級編程操作，和高級別的編程擁有一定共性，調(diào)試就是一個最大的共性。因為制作者自身的錯誤，和游戲本身的一些漏洞和BUG，我們制作出的地圖如果較為復(fù)雜，將有很大可能導(dǎo)致錯誤，作為一個合格的地圖制作者，要盡可能的在制作階段找到并修復(fù)或規(guī)避這些錯誤，而不是等著發(fā)布后讓玩家體驗極差后再反饋回來。

正因為Debug對于地圖制作和Mod創(chuàng)作具有很重要的意義，而且難度較大，工作量也非常重大，因此Debug單獨的分為這樣一個章節(jié)進(jìn)行講解。

針對原版Debug和Ares平臺下的Debug，通常有不同的糾錯方式，糾錯在RA2Modder之間俗稱為“抓蟲”。

原版的報錯后的Debug文件except位于游戲的根目錄

而Ares平臺下報錯后的Debug文件except位于游戲根目錄下的Debug文件夾內(nèi)

紅色警戒2的一大部分報錯和程序崩潰情況都會生成一個except.txt的文件

這個文件就是用來給開發(fā)者提供Debug的參考，但是通常情況下這個Debug提供的信息相當(dāng)模糊，或者壓根無效。

其中第三個小節(jié)內(nèi)，Registers:這一段內(nèi)，EIP:XXXXXXXX這個代碼，就是常用的錯誤類型判斷代碼，也就是Moder們常說的EIP查錯法。

EIP的類型有非常非常多，以至于絕大部分的EIP實際是沒有現(xiàn)有范例用來判斷到底具體是那個地方出現(xiàn)了致命錯誤導(dǎo)致了游戲崩潰，除非你和AlexB，Zero Fanker或者老哈這樣的相關(guān)方面專家非常熟悉，你就可以通過他們來獲取這些EIP的具體問題，除此之外，對于冷門的EIP，恐怕將成為不解之謎。

不過，因為大部分Modder和地圖制作者的錯誤，基本都是在同一個坑摔倒，所以，EIP內(nèi)存在一部分“常用EIP”，這一部分在modenc上可以查詢到，這里給各位指揮官一部分參考（摘自modenc），各位可以在這里查詢到一部分常用EIP：

Yuri's Revenge 1.001

00000061==either Countries or Singleplayer==?This error is encountered when you launch RA2's unedited campaign missions, but have added a new country to the?Countries?list. This can happen if RulesMD.ini is used by RA2 instead of Rules.ini (by manually renaming the file) and you forgot to add a ';' to entry 9 (which is set to YuriCountry for YR).

004145BD==Art==An AircraftType has a corrupted HVA.

Shows the file type as "unknown" in the XCC Mixer. Also an?AircraftType?has image tag missing or no artmd section. This could also be caused from an aircraft with no name under?AircraftTypes?or the name is in the wrong section.

004157E3==Weapon==An AircraftType used as spy plane has no?Primary?weapon.

00417D05==Weapon==An AircraftType has fired a weapon which has?Suicide=yes?set.

004242DB==Animation==Using a?TrailerAnim?on an Animation but not setting a?TrailerSeperation?(or setting?TrailerSeperation=0). This is because the default TrailerSeperation is zero, and that number is used as a divisor.

00424A14==Animation==An?Animation?with?MakeInfantry=X?set was played, where X was greater than the number of list entries in?AnimToInfantry?or less than 0.

0042E7AF==AI==A Construction Yard does not have?AIBuildThis=yes?set and the owning side's AI was present in the game.

00441C28==Misc==You have set?[AudioVisual]→ShakeScreen=?to zero.

004593BB==Misc==See?Tank Bunker / Sell Unit IEs

004586A9==General=="What?PadAircraft?would you like?" ";" "You must have PadAircraft!!! I kill you!"

0045EC90==Misc==Multiple reasons, depending on the stack dump in the except:

• If?00506115?appears near the top of the stack dump - some country (present in the game at the moment, controlled by AI) cannot build anything from?[General]→Shipyard=.

0045ED69==Misc==The?[General]→PadAircraft=?list is empty.

0045ED71==Misc==The first AircraftType in the?[General]→PadAircraft=?list doesn't have at least one BuildingType listed as its?Dock.

0046650D==Weapon==A unit's?ShrapnelWeapon?or?DeathWeapon?does not exist (see?broken-reference causes, below).

00471CA4==Weapon==A unit's initial primary (Primary?or?Weapon1) weapon's?Warhead?does not have?MindControl=yes?set, but a weapon in some other weapon slot does. Triggered by one of the following events:

• Unit was selected by the user and the user moused-over a potential target.

• Unit was considering potential targets on its own (e.g. the unit was about to fire automatically at a nearby enemy unit).

• An IFV or urban combat building gains a mind-control weapon via passenger entry or garrison.

00482096==Unit crates==Your?[AI]→BuildRefinery=?is either invalid, missing or blank thereby the game can't find the harvesters for deciding the unit.

004895C7==Warhead==You have a warhead with a?CellSpread?greater than 11.

004C445E==Weapon==A unit's secondary weapon does not exist (see?broken-reference causes, below), or the weapon's?Warhead?tag is missing or set to blank. Examples:

• The offending weapon is the unit's?Secondary?weapon, and the unit just finished constructing.

• The offending weapon is the unit's?EliteSecondary?weapon, and the unit just got promoted to Elite status.

004D5108==Weapon==A unit's secondary weapon does not exist (see?broken-reference causes, below), or the weapon's?Warhead?tag is missing or set to blank. Examples:

• The offending weapon is the unit's?Secondary?weapon, and the unit just finished constructing.

• The offending weapon is the unit's?EliteSecondary?weapon, and the unit just got promoted to Elite status.

004F0FEC==Weapon==A unit's Primary weapon does not exist (see?broken-reference causes, below), or the weapon's?Warhead?tag is missing or set to blank. Examples:

• The offending weapon is the unit's?Primary?weapon, and the unit just finished constructing or just got spawned.

• The offending weapon is the unit's?ElitePrimary?weapon, and the unit just got promoted to Elite status.

004F8CCD==AI==[AI]→BuildConst=?lists less than 3 BuildingTypes and your last [listed] Construction Yard was destroyed or sold while you were on low power, or you went into low power without owning any Construction Yards.

004F65BF==Misc==Some House cannot build anything from?[General]→BaseUnit=?.

00505E41==Misc==An AI-controlled House which, due to?rules(md).ini?configuration, is unable to construct a base, received a Construction Yard thus triggering the AI base planning routine. Triggered by the following events:

• If a player's MCV was mind-controlled by an enemy, that player is killed, and the MCV is then released from mind-control to the neutral side. The only workaround is to make MCVs immune to mind-control (this is done in the?UMP).

• A neutral Engineer (there's an official multiplayer map that has neutral Psychic Sensors which, on rare occasions, can leave an Engineer as a survivor) captures a Construction Yard.

More detail: The AI base planning logic kicks in at the moment a player receives a Construction Yard and generates a plan of what buildings to build, in what order. However, the game makes an assumption that any country that can actually start base construction will be able to build at least 3 different BuildingTypes. When that assumption fails (a Construction Yard is received by the civilian house, who cannot build anything), everything goes haywire. For more info on how base planning logic works, refer to the?AI Base Planning System?article.
Interestingly, the civilian house acquiring a Construction Yard via relinquished mind-control (in the same way as for an MCV) does?not?cause an IE. Clearly this effect was not taken into consideration when mind-control was added to the engine and the AI base planning routine is only called when a Construction Yard is captured or is first created.

0050CD44
0050CD79
0050CDA2
0050CDCC
0050CDF0
0050CE14
0050CE38
0050CE5C
0050CEA2
0050CECC
0050CF15
0050CF2A

==AI==

The AI is trying to pick a target for the Nuclear Missile or Weather Storm superweapon but is lacking target weighting values for a certain object that exists on the map. You need to uncomment/restore one of the?[General]→AIIonCannonXValue=?lines.

• 0050CD20?- An?InfantryType?with?Engineer=yes?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonEngineerValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CD44?- An?InfantryType?with?VehicleThief=yes?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonThiefValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CD79?- A?BuildingType?with?Factory=BuildingType?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonConYardValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CDA2?- A?BuildingType?with?Factory=UnitType?and?Naval=no?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonWarFactoryValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CDCC?- A?BuildingType?with a positive?Power?value exists on the map.?AIIonCannonPowerValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CDF0?- A?BuildingType?with?IsBaseDefense=yes?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonBaseDefenseValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CE14?- A?BuildingType?with?IsPlug=yes?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonPlugValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CE38?- A?BuildingType?with?IsTemple=yes?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonTempleValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CE5C?- A?BuildingType?with?HoverPad=yes?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonHelipadValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CEA2?- A?BuildingType?listed in [AI] →?BuildTech?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonTechCenterValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CECC?- A?VehicleType?with?Harvester=yes?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonHarvesterValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CF15?- A?VehicleType?with a positive?Passengers?value exists on the map.?AIIonCannonAPCValue?needs restoring.

• 0050CF2A?- A?VehicleType?which?DeploysInto?a?BuildingType?listed in [AI] →?BuildConst?exists on the map.?AIIonCannonMCVValue?needs restoring.

  
  

00518369==Warhead==An InfantryType is taking damage from a non-existant warhead.

0054AF0E==Object==A unit's?Secondary?points to a non-existent weapon.

0054D10A==Object==This happens when you re-code the Battle Fortress to have a?SizeLimit?bigger than 2 (i.e. can load other tanks) and then tell it to enter an amphibious transport. Of course, this isn't limited to the BFRT alone. It should be noted though that the game doesn't always crash when the enter order is issued. It's more of an occasional crash that seems to happen randomly. (confirmed for RA2)

00567B43==Object==An Object has a negative sight.

0056D388==Object==An InfantryType or VehicleType does not have a valid movement zone.

005D7387==Misc==Not having at least one valid?InfantryType?with?AllowedToStartInMultiplayer=yes?(default) for each house.

005DA453==Network==A crash occurred with the network code around an object called?FirewallHelper.

005F4F88==Animation==An Animation has?TiberiumSpawnType=SOME_OVERLAY?and SOME_OVERLAY is one of the three last entries in?[OverlayTypes].
Link to original report

005F5155==Misc==You tried to construct a BuildingType with?HasSpotlight=yes.?Yuri's Revenge?1.001 doesn't support this, only patched versions do.

0062B662==Animation==Having an animation with?SpawnsParticle?which does not point to a valid ParticleSystem (see?broken-reference causes, below).

0062DCD2==Misc==An overlay type with?Explodes=yes?set has been destroyed, random dice roll determined that the particle specified in?BarrelParticle?should be displayed, but that flag is blank OR you're firing a weapon with UseSparkParticles=yes/UseFireParticles=yes/IsRailgun=yes without a valid AttachedParticleSystem= set.

0064003C==Misc==If you have a buildable Construction Yard, start its construction, and then cancel it, an IE will occur. Construction Yards should not be buildable - they should only be deployed from vehicles.

006407A6==Misc==You've made a MapShot "Not ScreenShot" that was saved as Map****.yrm and is in your Directory. Game is trying to load map during initial startup. Remove these MapShots from the directory to prevent this from happening.

0065B73F==Weapon==You have a Weapon whose?RadLevel?is less than?[Radiation]→RadLightDelay=. (Cause: Integer division is performed on those two values, which yields zero in this case, and then another value is divided by the result - division by zero.)

0069ACC6==Map==A PKT file's?[MultiMaps]?section declares a map which doesn't have its own section to define the parameters, or lacks the?CD?entry in the section.

00697F29==Misc==The game can't find a valid gamemode. Your mpmodesmd.ini is corrupted.

006ABF96==Misc==This IE is encountered immediately after loading up. This was tested for skirmish with the XWIS Multiplayer-only components.

This crash happens when the resolution is set to higher than 2560x1600.

006AEBB8==Misc==Your ra2md.ini file lists a combination of game mode/map which the game cannot satisfy. This can happen if the range of valid combinations changes between one game session and the next (i.e. because you changed what maps were valid for which game modes in your mod, or you activated a different mod to the one that was active previously).

LaunchBase?works around this by saving and restoring the game's configuration on a per-mod basis.

006B7987==Object==A garrisonable building has non-existing weapons.

006B7D30==Object==An object has a weapon with?Spawner=yes, but it doesn't have?Spawns=yes. The latter part is what tells the game to initialize the Spawn Manager for this unit when it's instantiated, the former part tells the game to try and access the Spawn Manager (and it doesn't check if it's been initialized properly).

006B7718==Object==A?Spawned=yes?attempted to fly over the map border instead of landing, thus crashing the game. A known reason for this issue is?Selectable=no?on?AircraftTypes?that use aircraft?Locomotor.

006C1D28==Object==A unit has?Turret=yes?despite unittur.vxl not existing. What's interesting is that the game won't crash because of this if no VXL or HVA for this unit exists at all.

006EA6AE==AI/Map==You coerced the game into creating an instance of a?TeamType?that is not defined, either through Map Triggers or through AI Script Actions.

006F1FC6==AI programming==A?TeamType?has been defined without assigning it a?TaskForce, or a TeamType is being referenced without being defined at all.

006F352E==Weapon==A unit has an?ElitePrimary?weapon specified which does not exist (see?broken-reference causes, below), or the weapon's?Warhead?tag is missing or set to blank, and that unit just got promoted to Elite status.

006F40A2==Weapon==Started construction of a unit whose?Primary?weapon does not exist (see?broken-reference causes, below), or the weapon's?Warhead?tag is missing or set to blank.

006F72EF==Weapon==A unit has an?ElitePrimary?weapon specified which does not exist (see?broken-reference causes, below), or the weapon's?Warhead?tag is missing or set to blank, and that unit just got promoted to Elite status.

006F9DB6==Techno==The game tried to check an ownerless unit's owner. Reported case was Service Depot's allegiance check.

0070031E==Weapon==A unit has a weapon specified which does not exist in the INI (see?broken-reference causes, below), or the weapon's?Warhead?tag is missing or set to blank. (Common reason - that unit just got promoted to Elite status and one of the Elite weapons is misdefined.)

00702330==Anim==A building has missing or non-existing DebrisTypes. Like DebrisTypes=CRYSTAL1.

0070DF8A==Weapon==A unit with?IsGattling=yes?is either missing?WeaponX/EliteWeaponX?entries, or?WeaponCount?is less than 2 times?WeaponStages. For example, if?WeaponStages=2,?WeaponCount?must equal 4, and you must have accompanying?Weapon1-4/EliteWeapon1-4?entries. IE occurs at the time the?IsGattling?unit is firing and would advance to the missing Weapon Stage.

007120F7==Misc==You have a BuildingType (which is click-repairable) with?Strength=0?or?Strength?below?[General]→RepairStep=.

0071AF4D==Warhead==Detonating a?Temporal=yes?warhead under one of the following conditions:

• Firing weapon was a shrapnel weapon.

• Firing weapon was an urban combat weapon (fired from an occupied building).

• Warhead has a non-zero?CellSpread?set.

0071B173==Warhead==Firing a death weapon using a?Temporal=yes?warhead.

00442832
00442892
004428DE

==Warhead==

Using?Sparky=yes?warhead without three valid animations defined in?[AudioVisual]→OnFire=. Crash happens when damaging a building into yellow or red health.

0071C661==Warhead==Using?Sparky=yes?warhead without two valid animations defined in?[AudioVisual]→TreeFire=. Crash happens when damaging a wooden terrain object.

0072652D==Map==There is a trigger in the map that wants to change a house's non-existant object to another house.

00684E55==Map==There is a trigger which requires a house, either because its events, actions or attached triggers require a house. The house on the trigger is not set.

00728F08==Object==Something's wrong with this building's Secondary (missing/invalid)

007387EB==Art==[AudioVisual]→ShakeScreen=?is missing or set to zero.

0073B0C9==Misc==The concept known as "Infantry Linking" can result in an IE, occuring when the linked infantry was modified in a subsequent game mode override file or a map?and?a human player scrolls their battlefield view to a place on the map where an AI-owned?War Factory?is located. Don't do Infantry Linking.

0073C762==Art==The artmd.ini entry specified by a Voxel-using?VehicleType's?Image?tag is missing - the game defaults to?Voxel=no?in this case and attempts to load and draw a non-existant SHP.

00756B2D==Art==The specified?ShadowIndex?on an?AircraftType?or a voxel?VehicleType?adresses a section that does not exist.

00772A98==Weapon==A unit has an?ElitePrimary?weapon specified which does not exist (see?broken-reference causes, below), or the weapon's?Warhead?tag is missing or set to blank, and that unit just got promoted to Elite status.

Also reported to be due to "firing a weapon that has no projectile".?This needs testing - missing projectile may be an alternative reason to all 'missing weapon' IEs.

007C9B92==Malformed input==

Multiple reasons, depending on the stack dump in the except:

• If?006DD5D2?or?006DD009?appear near the top of the stack dump - Map contains a malformed?Map Action, while parsing it, a number was expected, something else or end-of-line was found instead. Map Actions expect well-formed input.

• If?00843EEC?appears in the stack -?RefinerySmokeOffsetThree?is not set to a valid value.

Another reason: A country has empty nodes in a campaign map. It may happen NodeCount has a value different than the actual amount of nodes. Make sure the amount of base nodes exactly match the value of NodeCount.

007CAF66==Malformed input==

Multiple reasons, depending on the stack dump in the except:

• If?0075DE19?appears near the top of the stack dump - A?Warhead?whose?Verses?could not be processed.?EBP?value says how many values remained to be parsed when an error occurred - (11 -?EBP) is the 0-based index of the problematic value.

007CFD30==Misc - memory management==

If line 20 of the stack dump includes?61108B, and line 23 includes?610CA0, you are likely trying to use RockPatch's "Place Urban Areas" feature without applying the necessary snowmd.ini fix. Please check the RockPatch Help for more info.

Varies, stack dump starts with?0051BB7D

==Warhead==

A unit was being erased by a chrono weapon but the object that started the erase process no longer exists. When a unit is being erased, an instance of the TemporalClass is linked to it. This class references the object that is doing the erasing. If the object breaks the link under 'normal' circumstances (e.g. the firer is destroyed or moved) then the attack order is cancelled and the TemporalClass is removed. In some rare cases the link to the firer's TemporalClass is not removed and therefore points to garbage memory.

Examples of how the IE may occur:

• Ore harvester with a chrono weapon started an attack but then transformed whilst unloading ore at a refinery before the target was destroyed. Don't give ore harvesters chrono weapons.

• A vehicle was being erased but then got picked up by a carryall. This is very difficult to replicate - it has only been reported once.

The IE occurs when the unit?would?have been erased.

Varies, stack dump starts with?00520FC8

==Warhead==

A building was being erased by a chrono weapon after infantry recieved the order to occupy it. When the building is erased before the infantry reaches it, an IE occurs. This is because the TemporalClass removes the building without marking it as dead, thus the occupying infantry is not informed its destination is gone. The IE occurs when the infantry unit updates its position. There is another TemporalClass related bug similar to this one – EIP address 00521BB6, which lies inside the same function, can be seen near the top on a stack of this exception.

0052976F==Campaign==RA2 1.003 doesn't like it when its battle.ini is overriden by another one outside of local.mix. Whether or not putting it in an expandxx.mix fixes this is unknown.

The game crashes when your start a new campaign during loading. You get a blank screen during loading. A side-effect is the soviet campaign-load palette and SovietLoad color being used for Allied missions when loading them through the load menu and then restarting them. Strangely enough, the reverse doesn't happen.

Varies, stack dump at 18D264 has?00722C9E

==Resource==

One or more resources have invalid resource spread/growth data which tries to access a map tile it isn't supposed to and corrupting it.

90900004==Misc==Generic exception, for example, raised when you are?missing the snowmd.ini median fix.

FEEEFEEE==Misc==Multiple reasons, depending on the stack dump in the except:

• If the stack dump starts with 006B771E then it's a variant of?006B7718.

參考文獻(xiàn)：https://www.modenc.renegadeprojects.com/Internal_Error#Tiberian_Sun_2.03

以上內(nèi)容可能存在排版錯誤，屬UP主個人錯誤，原文見原地址

同時UP主我自己也在收集一些我自己遇到的冷門EIP，比如：

0065D99F：小隊內(nèi)存在重復(fù)單位時，會導(dǎo)致本錯誤

00529A14：CSF問題 ※讀取形如"a,b"這樣的兩個整數(shù)的時候沒讀取到而且找不到默認(rèn)值

007C9B92：數(shù)值無法讀取，或者節(jié)點問題

006E2449：42號觸發(fā)寫錯參數(shù)

EIP的Debug方式基本就是出了錯然后找到EIP代碼然后對照查錯表進(jìn)行糾錯，但是要注意的是，EIP不是萬能的，EIP只是一個粗略的判斷錯誤類型的辦法！千萬必要過于迷信EIP的效果。

而EIP只是一個較為主流而且效果明顯的Debug方式，除此之外，EIP解救不了的錯誤，那就需要通過其他的方式來進(jìn)行抓蟲。而且，EIP僅能從程序?qū)用嬲业藉e誤，并不能對你慘不忍睹的游戲機制，或者趣味匱乏的玩法進(jìn)行任何調(diào)整和提示。

所以，首先，我們可以通過【Saveloading】大法來解決絕大部分問題！那么這個看上去高大上的詞是什么意思呢！當(dāng)然就是保存載入啦！

沒錯，就如同在教程一開始我提到的，保存非常重要，對于糾錯，很多時候我們也要通過保存和重載來修復(fù)BUG，因為有相當(dāng)一部分錯誤和BUG是不可逆的無法修復(fù)操作。

這個時候我們就需要通過備份我們的地圖來解決這些問題，一旦出現(xiàn)不可逆的數(shù)據(jù)破壞，就可以通過重載備份數(shù)據(jù)來修復(fù)掉我們的BUG和錯誤，這是最原始也是最有效的修復(fù)方式。

但是，畢竟不一定隨時我們都可以找到我們的備份數(shù)據(jù)，所以面對可修復(fù)的錯誤，我們還是有其他辦法來解決這些問題，比如【邏輯抓蟲】，這也是非常原始但是有效的Debug手段。但是這需要制作者養(yǎng)成經(jīng)常進(jìn)入游戲調(diào)試以便于及時發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的習(xí)慣。通過基礎(chǔ)的邏輯進(jìn)行抓蟲，可以讓我們發(fā)現(xiàn)絕大部分的地圖明顯BUG，以及游戲機制的錯誤，我們在發(fā)現(xiàn)這些問題后，可以通過文本形式記錄下來，最好不要通過腦力來記憶，因為復(fù)雜的地圖，特別是單人戰(zhàn)役，每次測試可能會帶來巨量的問題，純靠腦力記憶可能會相當(dāng)困難。

在每次測試過后，記錄下出現(xiàn)的問題，然后及時修正，遇到IE/FE報錯，則可以立刻尋找到對應(yīng)的except文件，查找對應(yīng)EIP，如果是熱門EIP則立刻對癥下藥解決，如果是冷門EIP，則通過邏輯分析在最近的編輯時我們修改了什么內(nèi)容，然后逐一的禁用后進(jìn)入游戲測試，排查是否存在問題。

這樣的抓蟲方式可以解決掉98%的不足和問題，當(dāng)然，前提是你會改。