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[Mechanics] Simple Harmonic Motion

2021-10-21 10:00 作者:AoiSTZ23  | 我要投稿

By: Tao Steven Zheng (鄭濤)

【Problem】

Consider the position function x(t)%20%3D%20A%20%5Ccos%7B(%5Comega%20t%20%2B%20%5Cphi)%7D. Show that this function solves the differential equation

%5Cfrac%7Bd%5E2%20x%7D%7Bdt%5E2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7Bkx%7D%7Bm%7D%20%3D%200

and determine the value of %5Comega in terms of k%2Cm.



【Solution】

Take two time derivatives:

%5Cfrac%7Bdx%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D%20-%20%5Comega%20A%20%5Csin%7B(%5Comega%20t%20%2B%20%5Cphi)%7D%20

%5Cfrac%7Bd%5E2%20x%7D%7Bdt%5E2%7D%20%3D%20-%20%7B%5Comega%7D%5E%7B2%7D%20A%20%5Ccos%7B(%5Comega%20t%20%2B%20%5Cphi)%7D

Consequently,

-%20%7B%5Comega%7D%5E%7B2%7D%20A%20%5Ccos%7B(%5Comega%20t%20%2B%20%5Cphi)%7D%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7Bk%7D%7Bm%7D%20A%20%5Ccos%7B(%5Comega%20t%20%2B%20%5Cphi)%7D%20%3D%200%20

%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bk%7D%7Bm%7D-%7B%5Comega%7D%5E%7B2%7D%5Cright)A%20%5Ccos%7B(%5Comega%20t%20%2B%20%5Cphi)%7D%20%3D%200

Divide away A%20%5Ccos%7B(%5Comega%20t%20%2B%20%5Cphi)%7D%20:

%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bk%7D%7Bm%7D-%7B%5Comega%7D%5E%7B2%7D%5Cright)%20%3D%200

Therefore, %5Comega%20%3D%20%5Cpm%20%5Csqrt%7B%5Cfrac%7Bk%7D%7Bm%7D%7D%20.

This quantity is the angular frequency of the wave. Mathematically speaking, it is the eigenvalue of the differential equation.


【Physics Principle】

Note that the above differential equation is derived from the mass on a spring model.

%7BF%7D_%7Bnet%7D%20%3D%20ma

-kx%20%3D%20ma

-kx%20%3D%20m%20%5Cfrac%7Bd%5E2%20x%7D%7Bdt%5E2%7D

%5Cfrac%7Bd%5E2%20x%7D%7Bdt%5E2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7Bkx%7D%7Bm%7D%20%3D%200


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