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TTC【雙語字幕版】:西方文明的基礎(chǔ)(S01E03:埃及-尼羅河的禮物)

2021-11-11 03:54 作者:HydratailNoctua  | 我要投稿

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Nomes (from Nomos; Law): Law district; law territory

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Ca. 3100 B.C. Menes unifies Upper an Lower Egypt

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30 dynasties (families), mostly isolated in Old and Middle Kingdom

Egyptian Historical Periods:

  • Predynastic Period
  • Old Kingdom (2695-2160 B.C.)
  • First Intermediate Period
  • Middle Kingdom (2025-1786 B.C.)
  • Second Intermediate Period
  • New Kingdom (1550-1075 B.C.)

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Pharaoh (Pharaonic dynasties, from per aa; "Great House", one who lives in a great house)

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Pyramids, Gizeh

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Middle Kingdom (2025-1786 B.C.)

  1. Power-sharing with local notables
  2. Religion
  • Emphasis began to move beyond the royal dynasty

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Hyksos, from Palestine to conquer Egypt

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Hittites (Indo-European Speaking) from Anatolia along the east shore of Mediterranean, and in 1274 B.C fought against Egyptians in Qadesh (draw)

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Egyptian Culture

1.The Pharaoh

  • A two-class society
  • An abstract sense of rule
  • Pharaoh separated from the ordinary realm of human beings

2.Religion

  • Grew more complicated over time
  • Middle Kingdom- More temples, cults, gods and goddesses
  • Afterlife more available
  • Ma'at: Truth, justice, balance, order, harmony( the myth Osiris and Isis, Ka: soul)
  • Hints of an ethical dimension
  • Reign of Akhenaton (during New Kingdom,"Servant of Aton" Pharaoh, 1353-1336 B.C.)—Henotheism; Monolatry (the worship of one God without denying the existence of others)

3.Scientific & Artisanal Advances

  • Papyrus (papyrus plants)
  • Pictographic Writing: Picture writing/Hieroglyphic
  • Demotic Script: "Popular", cursive script
  • Surgery & Anatomy










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