魚骨圖（也稱為人字形圖、因果圖或魚川圖）是由石川馨（1968）創(chuàng)作的、顯示特定事件原因的因果圖。魚骨圖的常見用途是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計和質(zhì)量缺陷預(yù)防，以識別導(dǎo)致整體影響的潛在因素。缺陷的每一個原因（cause）或理由（reason）都是變化的來源。原因通常分為主要類別（categorie），以確定這些變化源。類別通常包括：

People: Anyone involved with the process 人：流程中涉及的所有人

Methods: How the process is performed and the specific requirements for doing it, such as policies, procedures, rules, regulations and laws 方法：流程的執(zhí)行方式和具體要求，如政策、程序、規(guī)則、法規(guī)和法律

Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc. required to accomplish the job 機(jī)器：完成工作所需的所有設(shè)備、電腦、工具等。

Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc. used to produce the final product 材料：用于生產(chǎn)最終產(chǎn)品的原材料、組件、筆、紙等

Measurements: Data generated from the process that are used to evaluate its quality 測量：用于評估流程質(zhì)量的、在流程中產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)

Environment: The conditions, such as location, time, temperature, and culture in which the process operates 環(huán)境：流程運行的條件，例如位置、時間、溫度、文化