Country names and nationalities

國家與民族

Esperanto has a two-part system for naming countries and their inhabitants. This two-part system developed early in the history of Esperanto, and was based on the idea of a division of the world into "Old World" and "New World". The assumption was that the "Old World" countries took their names from the people who lived there. In contrast, "New World" countries consisted mainly of immigrants and their descendants, so their inhabitants were named after the countries they lived in.

世界語有著“兩段系統(tǒng)”來為國家及其國民來命名。這種命名系統(tǒng)誕生于世界語早期，基于當(dāng)時將世界分成“新大陸”和“舊大陸”。在這種分類里，處于“舊大陸”的國家的名字來自于住在這個國家的居民（民族）的名稱。與之相反的“新大陸”國家，主要是移民及其后裔組成，所以它們國民的稱呼來自于他們所在的國家的名字。

So, for some "Old World" countries, mainly in Europe and Asia, the Esperanto root form gives the name of the?inhabitant, and the name of the country is formed from it. For other "New World" countries,mainly in the Americas, Africa and Oceania, the Esperanto root form gives the name of the?country, and the name of the inhabitant is formed from it.

所以，對于“舊大陸”國家（主要是亞洲以及歐洲的國家），它的世界語詞根來自于當(dāng)?shù)孛褡宓拿郑鴩颐謩t有詞根中衍生出來。對于“新大陸”國家，世界語的詞根來自于國家名字，其國民的名字則由詞根中衍生出來。

Group 1 (mainly "New World")

第一類（主要是“新大陸”）

The first group takes the name of the country as the root form (e.g.?Brazil-o,?Kanad-o) and an inhabitant of that country is formed by adding?-an?(member) in front of the ending?-o. For example:

第一類的國民名稱是以國家名稱為詞根（比如：Brazil-o,Kanad-o），其國民的稱呼則是在詞根后面加上-an（成員），再以-o結(jié)尾

Brazilanoj lo?as en Brazilo.
Brazilians live in Brazil.

巴西人住在巴西

Kanadanoj lo?as en Kanado.
Canadians live in Canada.

加拿大人住在加拿大

Group 2 (mainly "Old World")

第二組（主要是“舊大陸”）

The second group takes the name of the inhabitant as the root form (e.g.?ital-o,?german-o) and its country name is formed by adding?-uj?in front of the ending?-o. For example:

第二組的國家名稱是由民族的名字做為詞根（例如ital-o,german-o）再加上-uj和詞尾o來組成

Italoj lo?as en Italujo.?
Italians live in Italy.

意大利人住意大利

Germanoj lo?as en Germanujo.?
Germans live in Germany.

德國人住在德國

Many people prefer to use the ending?-io?for Group 2 names rather than the traditional ending?-ujo. This is how we teach country names here on Duolingo:

不少人選擇用詞尾-io來代替-ujo來給第二類的國家命名，這種方法也是我們在多鄰國里面所學(xué)到的方法

About the Americas

關(guān)于Americas

Usono?refers to the USA, while?Ameriko?refers to the entire American continent; so?usonano?is a US citizen, while?amerikano?is someone from North, Central, or South America.

Usono的意思是美國，而Ameriko的意思是整個美洲大陸；所以usonano的意思是美國人，而amerikano指的是來自北美、中美、或者是南美的人

More accented letters

關(guān)于重音字母

The following table shows the rest of the accented letters, which are also called??apelitaj literoj?(literally, "letters with hats").

下表展示的是剩下的重音字母，或叫做帶帽字母

Note:???is pronounced as a strongly aspirated "h", like the "ch" in the Scottish word "loch" (not?pronounced "lock"), while???is normally only used after?a?and?e, in the combinations?a??and?e?.

注意：?? 的發(fā)音是一個強(qiáng)送氣的h音，類似蘇格蘭語里面的“l(fā)och”（不要把它發(fā)成lock）。而?通常只用在a和e后面，和a、e組成a?和e?。

原文：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Countries-and-Nationalities/tips-and-notes

翻譯：vanilo

2018/11/9???????????????? 11:30