最近翻到了曾經(jīng)的精讀筆記。覺得這篇福爾摩斯開篇寫得還挺詳細(xì)，就夾在這些書評中，如果小可愛喜歡可以作為參考。當(dāng)時(shí)本想連載完，因?yàn)橛行┰~匯敏感被鎖文后就沒有做后續(xù)，加上后續(xù)自己將這本硬生生啃完了，(包括bbc的the casebook)也就放在了那里。其實(shí)福爾摩斯探案集沒有很多，一共就九本，四本長篇＋五十六個(gè)短篇?；仡^有空豹豹看情況講點(diǎn)短篇故事調(diào)劑一下~

對于柯南道爾，福爾摩斯我覺得真不用過多介紹了，太多的資源和途徑讓這位作家和筆下的人物家喻戶曉，甚至在網(wǎng)絡(luò)不發(fā)達(dá)的年代就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了國外同人本，延伸出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)文學(xué)很著名的“暴風(fēng)雪山莊”或者說“孤島模式”的偵探類型。想想也挺有意思。福爾摩斯系列在中學(xué)時(shí)讀過全套，目前基本忘光了。

對于偵探、驚悚、犯罪甚至靈異考古一類豹豹涉獵一直不多，不是沒興趣而是膽小。江戶川亂步，阿加莎或多或少看過一丟丟。網(wǎng)絡(luò)文學(xué)起步后，這一類的書只有在乘車的時(shí)候才翻開，因?yàn)槿硕嚓枤馔ⅰＳ捎诤笃趯υ嫱瘯钠珢?，慢慢就很少光顧通俗小說了。福爾摩斯系列影視，音頻，原版譯本資源太多了，就不貼了。廣播劇不是特別推薦，音效不大好也嚇人，電影都不錯(cuò)，不管是小羅伯特唐尼(鋼鐵俠那位)的《大偵探福爾摩斯》，伊恩麥克萊恩(甘道夫萬磁王那位)的《福爾摩斯先生》以及康伯巴奇(卷福)的《恐怖新娘》(對里面的磨坊太記憶深刻了)都好看也比較新。電視劇沒看過，有聲書并不是特別推薦炸叔版本，沒有張力(也可能是哈利波特聽多了免疫)。網(wǎng)上比較早的幾個(gè)版本倒是挺好的，不過今天主要是精讀筆記就不多說這些了。

IN the year 1878 I took my degree of Doctor of Medicine of the University of London, and proceeded to Netley to go through the course prescribed for surgeons in the army. Having completed my studies there, I was duly attached to the Fifth Northumberland Fusiliers as Assistant Surgeon.

開篇第一段介紹了作者華生的一些事情。在倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，醫(yī)學(xué)博士生學(xué)位degree of Doctor of Medicine，倫敦大學(xué)也可以用London University表述(英語在用語法中級)，按照規(guī)定必須隨軍，從Netley之后又按職責(zé)在諾桑伯蘭第五明火槍團(tuán)(the Fifth Northumberland Fusiliers)做軍醫(yī)助理。有職位的時(shí)候一般是as ＋職位即可。文中出現(xiàn)的地名或者專有名詞不用刻意糾結(jié)，即使跳過去也不大影響故事的進(jìn)展。

The campaign brought honours and promotion to many, but for me it had nothing but misfortune and disaster. I was removed from my brigade and attached to the Berkshires, with whom I served at the fatal battle of Maiwand. There I was struck on the shoulder by a Jezail bullet, which shattered the bone and grazed the subclavian artery. I should have fallen into the hands of the murderous Ghazis had it not been for the devotion and courage shown by Murray, my orderly, who threw me across a pack-horse, and succeeded in bringing me safely to the British lines.

之后幾句話沒什么難點(diǎn)，跳過了。華生還沒到達(dá)軍團(tuán)的時(shí)候，阿富汗戰(zhàn)役爆發(fā)，部隊(duì)已經(jīng)過了山隘，抵達(dá)戰(zhàn)場，但華生和其他落單的戰(zhàn)士還是盡快到達(dá)并履行自己的職責(zé)。

這場戰(zhàn)爭給太多人帶來榮譽(yù)與機(jī)會(huì)，但給華生的卻是不幸和災(zāi)難，是鎖骨大動(dòng)脈擦過的子彈，是九死一生被忠心的勤務(wù)兵救回來的僥幸。

The campaign brought honours and promotion to many, but for me it had nothing but misfortune and disaster.這句話可以作為寫作句型。

brigade n.旅(軍隊(duì)) 常見詞組fire brigade 消防隊(duì)

a Jezail bullet 捷則爾是笨重的阿富汗槍(來自譯文)

shatter高頻詞，它不僅可以表示破碎還能用在身體狀態(tài)的表達(dá)上，前兩天偶然見到一個(gè)句子很生動(dòng)。And ever since he had been shattered in health.

orderly 做名詞表示勤務(wù)員，護(hù)理工

Worn with pain, and weak from the prolonged hardships which I had undergone, I was removed, with a great train of wounded sufferers, to the base hospital at Peshawar. Here I?rallied, and had already improved so far as to be able to walk about the wards, and even to bask a little upon the verandah, when I was struck down by?enteric fever, that curse of our Indian possessions. For months my life was despaired of, and when at last I came to myself and became?convalescent,I was so weak and?emaciated?that a medical board determined that?not a day should be lost in sending me back to England.

這一段讀下來莫名帶感，句式太值得品味了，開頭的伴隨結(jié)尾的被動(dòng)?？磥砦恼聦懙煤谜Z法也要好。

華生來到當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院本來要好轉(zhuǎn)了，結(jié)果又染上了倒霉的傷寒enteric fever，好幾個(gè)月的昏迷不醒估計(jì)把醫(yī)生也嚇到了，當(dāng)華生恢復(fù)神智身體痊愈后火速被送回了倫敦。

rally: When someone or something rallies, they begin to recover or improve after having been weak. 恢復(fù)健康，好轉(zhuǎn)

Convalescent?means relating to convalescence. 恢復(fù)期的; 正在康復(fù)的(正式用語)

A person or animal that is?emaciated?is extremely thin and weak because of illness or lack of food. (因疾病或饑餓而) 消瘦的, 骨瘦如柴的

I had neither kith nor kin in England, and was therefore as free as air — or as free as an income of eleven shillings and sixpence a day will permit a man to be.?Under such circumstances, I naturally?gravitated to?London, that great?cesspool?into which all the?loungers and idlers?of the Empire are?irresistiblydrained.There I stayed for some time at a private hotel in the Strand, leading a comfortless,meaningless existence, and spending such money as I had, considerably more freely than I ought. So alarming did the state of my finances become,that I soon realized that I must either leave the metropolis and?rusticatesomewhere in the country, or that I must make a complete alteration in my style of living.

這一段讀著想笑，華生回到倫敦后，政府還給了九個(gè)月假期和津貼，于是他成了風(fēng)一樣自由的男人。只是------有錢又沒事又沒親戚又沒熟人就掉進(jìn)了社會(huì)這個(gè)大染缸，錢不斷花著，終于捉襟見肘進(jìn)入了兩難，要么去鄉(xiāng)下，要么找一個(gè)便宜的住處。這也是與福爾摩斯相遇的起因--合租。

第一句做了筆記摘抄。可以練習(xí)寫作。

gravitated to /towards受什么吸引

If you gravitate towards a particular place, thing, or activity, you are attracted by it and go to it or get involved in it. 被吸引到; 受吸引而參加

cesspool同cesspit 有點(diǎn)重口，僅貼英文解釋

A cesspit is a hole or tank in the ground into which waste water and sewage flow.

lounger與idler同義詞，閑逛者，游民懶漢

If you describe something such as a desire or force as?irresistible, you mean that it is so powerful that it makes you act in a certain way, and there is nothing you can do to prevent this. 不可抵抗的; 不可抗拒的; 不能壓制的

rusticate: to banish or retire to the country 下放農(nóng)村，退歸林下

這一段也側(cè)面寫出了倫敦大量涌動(dòng)的流浪漢和居無定所的人。

On the?very?day that I had come to this conclusion, I was standing at the Criterion Bar, when some one tapped me on the shoulder, and turning round I recognized young Stamford,who had been?a dresser?under me at Barts.?The sight of a friendly face in the great wilderness of London is a pleasant thing indeed to a lonely man.In old days Stamford had never been a particular?crony?of mine, but now I hailed him with enthusiasm, and he, in his turn, appeared to be delighted to see me. In the?exuberance?of my joy, I asked him to lunch with me at the Holborn, and we started off together in a?hansom.

華生決定搬到一個(gè)不那么花錢的地兒，當(dāng)他下定決心的那一天，在一個(gè)叫做Criterion的酒吧門前遇到了多年未見的熟人，是他曾經(jīng)的一個(gè)助手。雖然兩人關(guān)系沒有熟到特別要好的地步，但異鄉(xiāng)見老鄉(xiāng)，兩眼淚汪汪。并愉快得定下了共進(jìn)午餐。這一段在聽炸叔讀自己做的序時(shí)很想笑，因?yàn)檎ㄊ逭f到，如果華生沒有去皮卡迪利的小酒吧，如果沒有遇到熟人斯坦弗那也就沒有了福爾摩斯，其實(shí)這是因?yàn)槿宋锟坍嬏^出色而讓我們混淆了真實(shí)與故事的界限。

the very day 強(qiáng)調(diào)，就是那天

dresser除了指劇組的服裝員，還表示外科手術(shù)助手

crony這個(gè)詞雖然表示密友，其實(shí)是略有貶義的詞匯，表示花大量時(shí)間在一起的狐朋狗友。有點(diǎn)不贊同的意味。

Exuberance is behaviour which is energetic, excited, and cheerful. 熱情洋溢; 興高采烈; 喜氣洋洋(不可數(shù))

hansom就是小馬車，很常見的文學(xué)詞匯，與handsome發(fā)音相同，注意前者少兩個(gè)字母。

之后是兩人的一段寒暄交談，不是很難就不全貼了。斯坦弗說哎呀你現(xiàn)在瘦的像塊木板條子，臉色黃的像顆堅(jiān)果干什么去了。You are as thin as a lath and as brown as a nut.(太好玩了)當(dāng)華生說完他的遭遇以及想找個(gè)住處的想法后老友很詫異，因?yàn)檫@是第二個(gè)人對他說得類似的話(第一位是主人公福爾摩斯)。因?yàn)楦柲λ故且粋€(gè)怪人，斯坦弗并不認(rèn)為華生與他能長久，突然想起bbc的劇中女警察略帶諷刺的臺詞Colleague, you have a ?colleague?

He is a little queer in his ideas — an enthusiast in some branches of science. As far as I know he is a decent fellow enough.No — I have no idea what he intends to go in for. I believe he is well up in anatomy, and he is a first-class chemist; but, as far as I know, he has never taken out any systematic medical classes. His studies are very desultory and eccentric, but he has amassed a lot of out-of-the way knowledge which would astonish his professors.

福爾摩斯在普通人眼中的形象，古怪，對科學(xué)熱忱，但是正派，精于解剖，一流的藥劑師，但是學(xué)的東西雜且稀奇古怪。其實(shí)福爾摩斯在書中給自己了一個(gè)職業(yè)consulting detective，探案更多是為了樂趣和正義而不是為了法律，特征之一尤其擅長法醫(yī)學(xué)。

You mustn’t blame me if you don’t get on with him, I know nothing more of him than I have learned from meeting him occasionally in the laboratory. You proposed this arrangement, so you must not hold me responsible.

斯坦弗說福爾摩斯這個(gè)人現(xiàn)在一定在實(shí)驗(yàn)室，他要么幾周不去，要么一呆就是從白天到晚上。吃完飯兩人前去實(shí)驗(yàn)室，老友又警告華生，是你提議要去看看你的預(yù)備室友的，所以處不來可不是我的錯(cuò)。華生倒是無所謂，處不來就散伙，但對老友急急忙忙將自己摘出去很好奇(you have some reason for washing your hands of the matter.)斯坦弗表示無奈，真得不好描述。不過華生到了實(shí)驗(yàn)室被一下點(diǎn)出去過阿富汗的時(shí)候應(yīng)該就明白了。

As he spoke, we turned down a narrow lane and passed through a small side-door, which opened into a wing of the great hospital. It was familiar ground to me, and I needed no guiding as we ascended the bleak stone staircase and made our way down the long corridor with its vista of whitewashed wall and dun-coloured doors.

這一段環(huán)境描寫很抓人，仿佛和他們一起邊走邊說，走過一條背街，推開一扇側(cè)門，昏暗的樓梯后是粉刷雪白的長廊。

Whitewash is a mixture of lime or chalk and water that is used for painting walls white. (粉刷用的) 石灰水, 白涂料(應(yīng)該就是我們說的膩?zhàn)?

Something that is dun is a dull grey-brown colour. 暗棕灰色的

There was only one student in the room, who was bending over a distant table absorbed in his work. At the sound of our steps he glanced round and sprang to his feet with a cry of pleasure. “I’ve found it! I’ve found it,” he shouted to my companion, running towards us with a test-tube in his hand.

福爾摩斯的初次登場。不是外貌靜止的描述，而是行為的動(dòng)態(tài)流動(dòng)，因?yàn)樽约旱陌l(fā)現(xiàn)而興奮不已。沉迷于探索，與前文斯坦弗所說“如果需要，連自己都能作為實(shí)驗(yàn)的標(biāo)本”不謀而合。

“I have found a re-agent which is precipitated by hoemoglobin, and by nothing else.” Had he discovered a gold mine, greater delight could not have shone upon his features.

華生一定對這次見面太深刻了，描述福爾摩斯當(dāng)時(shí)的興奮勁連發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦都不見得比得上。

這里有一個(gè)書中注釋hoemoglobin拼寫應(yīng)該是haemoglobin ，同樣后文還有注釋221B(b應(yīng)該小寫其實(shí)不用刻意糾結(jié)，反而成了一種特別的周邊保留了下來)。

“How are you?” he said cordially, gripping my hand with a strength for which I should hardly have given him credit. “You have been in Afghanistan, I perceive.”

“How on earth did you know that?” I asked in astonishment.

經(jīng)典橋段，見面識人。福爾摩斯的瞳孔一定是掃一掃。所以后文華生對斯坦弗說真不知道他怎么知道我去的阿富汗，不過以后成了室友我一定會(huì)更好的了解他時(shí)，斯坦弗給出了暴擊否定You’ll find him a knotty problem, though. I’ll wager he learns more about you than you about him. (你還沒研究透他，他已經(jīng)對你了如指掌了)

cordially在納尼亞中見到，熱情地，cordial除了形容詞友好的，還有果汁的意思(蓋茨比同出現(xiàn))

Don’t you see that it gives us an infallible test for blood stains. Come over here now! I add this small quantity of blood to a litre of water. You perceive that the resulting mixture has the appearance of pure water. The proportion of blood cannot be more than one in a million. I have no doubt, however, that we shall be able to obtain the characteristic reaction.

豹豹將福爾摩斯的話摘出來放在了一起。

福爾摩斯一見面沒有討論租房的事，而是拉著前來的兩位開始他的實(shí)驗(yàn)。驗(yàn)證有了這個(gè)對blood反應(yīng)的試劑，criminal cases中的bloodstain就不會(huì)輕易被其他污漬所混淆。畢竟這是19世紀(jì)末的故事，科技醫(yī)療的條件與現(xiàn)在不能同日而語。

所以書名叫做A Study in Scarlet應(yīng)該就是與這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)有關(guān)系。突然想起尼爾蓋曼還有一本書叫做綠字研究......

(備注:曾經(jīng)剛看書時(shí)候的想法，其實(shí)并不是。但具體不劇透了！)

The old Guiacum test was very clumsy and uncertain. So is the microscopic examination for blood corpuscles. The latter is valueless if the stains are a few hours old. Now, this appears to act as well whether the blood is old or new. Had this test been invented,there are hundreds of men now walking the earth who would long ago have paid the penalty of their crimes.

The old Guiacum test有翻譯成古老的樹脂測試，也有譯為愈創(chuàng)木夜測試，這個(gè)倒不用糾結(jié)主要是clumsy一詞用的太形象。

blood corpuscles 血細(xì)胞

有了這種測試，檢測會(huì)更精準(zhǔn)，更有威懾力。

Criminal cases are continually hinging upon that one point. ....Are they blood stains, or mud stains,or rust stains, or fruit stains, or what are they? That is a question which has puzzled many an expert, and why? Because there was no reliable test. Now we have the Sherlock Holmes’ test, and there will no longer be any difficulty.

福爾摩斯的小得意~

這一段依舊是福爾摩斯對于實(shí)驗(yàn)的滿意，并做出了與以往的對比分析。

Constitution,Criminal Law, Civil Law請自行查詢。一提起法律，就想起羅翔老師。

many a +n. =many ns.前者謂動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

“You seem to be a walking calendar of crime,” said Stamford with a laugh. “You might start a paper on those lines. Call it the `Police News of the Past.’”

斯坦弗打趣福爾摩斯(簡直是行走的活百科)

He held out his hand as he spoke, and I noticed that it was all mottled over with similar pieces of plaster, and discoloured with strong acids.

福爾摩斯的手給華生以震撼，大大小小的“創(chuàng)可貼”，深淺不一因?yàn)閺?qiáng)酸腐蝕的皮膚。包括之前對于福爾摩斯情緒的震驚I remarked, considerably surprised at his enthusiasm.這樣的人不成功才是奇怪的事情。

mottle: to colour with streaks or blotches of different shades 使有斑點(diǎn)

雖然mottle也有斑點(diǎn)的意思，但斑點(diǎn)帶子案英文名稱為The Speckled Band

“I have my eye on a suite in Baker Street,” he said, “which would suit us down to the ground. You don’t mind the smell of strong tobacco, I hope?”

斯坦弗終于有機(jī)會(huì)告訴福爾摩斯我們是來談?wù)碌模柲λ咕透嬖V華生他相中的地方----貝克街221B，現(xiàn)在是家喻戶曉了。

I have my eye on a suite in Baker Street.可寫作仿寫

suit sb. down to the ground 太合適不過了，剛在溫夫人的扇子中見到，印象很深She is just the woman for me. Suits me down to the ground.

Let me see — what are my other shortcomings. I get in the dumps at times,...

對于福爾摩斯這樣的人來說，做事情也很有條理邏輯，先講好各自的生活習(xí)慣優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，杜絕后期的摩擦。

心情不好，情緒不佳除了用feel/get down in the dumps之外還可以用in bad mood, in bad temper

This is very piquant. I am much obliged to you for bringing us together.

兩人交換完信息，商定次日正午一起去看房子，就各自告別了。這句話是華生回住處的路上對斯坦弗的感謝，很標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的感謝信模式。沒有難點(diǎn)。

整體第一章的精讀筆記還挺長的，分得開一些看起來不會(huì)太累。只是作為參考吧。里面的詞匯解析來自柯林斯，參考了中文譯文，好像還參考了其他？一年前的筆記記不清了。如果這篇筆記能為大家的閱讀開個(gè)頭也是開心的事。