overlap 重疊部分

be immune to 免疫的

be adversely affected 受負面影響

arousal 喚起，醒來

B C A B

What did some American researches find about student's comprehension in the presence of background noise?

What do we learn from British reserchers about the degree of interference from background noise?

What is best for students to do when writing essays according to some researchers?

How do people with different personalities react to distraction?

What about background sound alone?

Compared students'comprehension of verbal material when reading in the presence of background speech,instrumental music, or general noise. General noise is neutral, such as the sound of an air conditioner or fan. Students' score were most depressed in the background speech.

When the background speech was a language unfamiliar with participants, there was little if any hindrance【阻礙】of reading comprehension.

It seems the degree of interference from background noise depends on the overlap between the processing the required on the text and the processing required to screen out background noise.

Background speech will inhibit their ability.Instrumental music will have at worse slight effect. When students write essays, however, other reserchers has found it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible. Not everyone reacts the same way to distraction.

Everyone perfroms best in the sclient condition. Less sociable people were more negtively affected by each of the distructions.