PS：嘗試以BOM方式進(jìn)行記錄，參考書籍為世紀(jì)高教黃皮書；

日期說明：研讀&記錄的日期；

編號(hào)說明：[年份].[文章順序].[段落順序].[句子順序]，如：[04.02.03.05]——04年試卷、第2篇文章、第3段、第5句；

2023/04/06

04.01.01.01

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency?(crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.

04.01.01.02

Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.

04.01.01.02

Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to risk above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.

04.01.02.01

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.

04.01.02.02

The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control.

04.01.02.03

All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism.

04.01.03.01

Changes in the social structure may indirectly affrct juvenile crime rates.

04.01.03.02

For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.

04.01.03.03

The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.

04.01.04.01

Families have also experienced changes these years.

04.01.04.02

More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.

04.01.04.03

This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.

04.01.04.04

Other identifiable causes of /offensive acts /include /frustration or failure /in school, /the increased availability /of drugs and alcohol, /and the growing incidence /of child abuse /and child neglect.

04.01.04.05

All these conditions tend to increase the probability of child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been eatablished.