TED演講者：Olga Kitaina / 奧爾加 · 基泰納

演講標(biāo)題：How to alter the perception of mental health care in Russia / 如何改變俄羅斯對于心理健康醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的看法

內(nèi)容概要：During the Soviet Union era, therapy was often used as a tool of political oppression. Since then, Russia has seen major reforms in mental health care -- but stigmas and distrust for the practice still live on. Psychologist and TED Fellow Olga Kitaina shares the current state of therapy in Russia (where tarot card readers and astrologers sometimes pass as psychoanalysts) and outlines her solution for getting people the professional help they need.

在蘇聯(lián)時期，心理咨詢常被用作壓迫他人的政治工具。從那以后，俄羅斯的心理健康醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了重大變革——可是對于心理咨詢的污名化和不信任依然存在。心理學(xué)家兼 TED 社區(qū)成員奧爾加 · 基泰納（Olga Kitaina）講述了俄羅斯（一個占卜師和占星家都可以被視為心理分析師的國家）的心理咨詢行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，并就如何幫助人們獲取所需的心理咨詢服務(wù)給出了她的解決方案。

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【1】For the past five years, I've been working as a psychologist in Russia, a country where mental health is stigmatized and people are often afraid to seek professional help.

過去五年間, 我在俄羅斯擔(dān)任心理諮詢師, 在俄羅斯,心理健康被汙名化, 人民通常不敢尋求專業(yè)協(xié)助。

【2】Right now, people in Ukraine are fighting for their lives.

現(xiàn)在,烏克蘭人正在為生存而戰(zhàn)。

【3】What is happening is devastating and traumatic, and everyone, including both Russians and Ukrainians, will need mental health support, but on different levels.

發(fā)生這種事,會造成 很大的傷害和創(chuàng)傷, 所有人,包括俄羅斯人 以及烏克蘭人, 都需要心理健康的支持,

【4】No matter where in the world I'll be working from, I'm committed to helping people.

不論我在世界的哪個角落工作, 我都會盡力助人。

【5】Psychotherapy for me, has and will always be a force of understanding, change and peace.

對我而言,心理治療 一直是且將來也還會是一種了解、改變,和平靜的力量。

【6】And now it is needed more than ever.

而現(xiàn)在是最需要它的時候。

【7】Unfortunately, there is a lot of resistance to psychotherapy in Russia.

不幸的是,俄羅斯 相當(dāng)排斥心理治療。

【8】First, for historical reasons.

首先,是因為歷史上的理由。

【9】During the Soviet Union, psychiatry was often used as a political tool, and this is just a small part of the state attitudes toward people that deeply traumatized the society.

在蘇聯(lián)時期,精神病學(xué) 通常被用來當(dāng)作政治工具, 國家對人民的態(tài)度深深重創(chuàng)了社會, 而這只是其中一小部分。

【10】Since then, Russia has seen major reforms in the psychiatric system, and there are a growing number of good specialists in the mental health industry.

從那之后, 俄羅斯的精神病學(xué)體制 有了重大改革, 在心理健康產(chǎn)業(yè), 好的專家也越來越多。

【11】Yet problems remain.

但,問題依舊存在。

【12】As in many countries where mental health has been stigmatized, proper regulations for practicing psychologists have never been developed in Russia.

就如同許多將心理健康 汙名化的國家一樣, 俄羅斯從來沒有為心理諮詢師的執(zhí)業(yè) 制訂過妥善的規(guī)定。

【13】There are no licensing procedures or any laws protecting clients from incompetence and fraud.

沒有核發(fā)證照的程序, 也沒有任何法律來保障遇到 不稱職諮詢師或詐欺的客戶。

【14】There are a lot of scammers, people who simply took a three-month course, tarot card readers or astrologers who say they're professional psychologists.

有很多招搖撞騙的江湖術(shù)士, 有人只上過三個月的課, 也有塔羅牌占卜師或占星術(shù)士, 他們會自稱是專業(yè)心理諮詢師。

【15】As a result, a lot of people don't know how to choose a professional who fits their profile or are even victimized by such unprofessional help.

因此,有很多人 不知道要如何挑選 適合他們需求的專業(yè)人士, 甚至?xí)蔀檫@類專業(yè)協(xié)助的受害者。

【16】In the absence of regulation and interest by the state, I saw an opportunity.

在缺乏法規(guī),政府又沒興趣的情況下, 我看見了一個機(jī)會。

【17】With my team, we created a platform with an assessment system for psychologists and the means to get people connected to the therapists they need, therapists they can trust.

我和我的團(tuán)隊創(chuàng)立了一個平臺, 平臺上有心理諮詢師的評估系統(tǒng), 也能協(xié)助人民連結(jié)到 他們所需要的心理諮詢師, 是他們能信任的心理諮詢師。

【18】Through this assessment system, we help people overcome the risk of being harmed by professional help or falling into despair, of giving up hope they will ever feel better.

透過這個評估系統(tǒng), 我們協(xié)助人民降低 被專業(yè)協(xié)助傷害的風(fēng)險, 避免他們陷入絕望, 不再抱有能改善的希望。

【19】We have based our assessment on a hypothesis backed up with research, saying that there are common factors that significantly contribute to psychotherapy effectiveness.

我們評估背后的基礎(chǔ) 是有研究支持的假設(shè), 研究指出,有些共同因素 明顯會影響到心理治療的效果。

【20】This includes a variety of ways in which a therapist and the client create a special bond of trust and partnership.

包括有多種不同的方式, 讓治療師和客戶可以 創(chuàng)造出信任與合作的特殊連結(jié)。

【21】Unfortunately, in most psychotherapy training programs in Russia, not much attention is paid to those common factors.

不幸的是,在俄羅斯, 多數(shù)心理治療訓(xùn)練方案 都不太重視那些共同因素。

【22】The bottom line, having a good diploma is not enough.

重要的是, 光有好的文憑并不夠。

【23】Our psychologists undergo a test and a case study interview, including ethics questions, because the client's safety is the priority.

我們的心理諮詢師要接受 一項檢測和個案研究訪談, 內(nèi)容包含倫理問題, 因為客戶的安全是優(yōu)先考量。

【24】The sad truth is that only around 15 percent of applicants pass our selective assessment screening.

讓人感傷的事實是, 只有約 15% 的申請者 通過我們的評估淘汰篩選。

【25】After this assessment, it is important to match a client with the right specialist.

在這項評估之后, 重要的是將客戶與對的專家配對。

【26】With our current matching algorithm, we've already helped more than 35,000 people receive safe psychotherapy.

用我們目前的配對演算法, 我們已經(jīng)協(xié)助了超過三萬五千人 接受安全的心理治療。

【27】We also offer pro-bono sessions and free educational materials to support those who can't afford therapy.

我們也提供不收費(fèi)的諮詢時段 以及免費(fèi)的教育素材, 來支援無法負(fù)擔(dān)治療的人。

【28】And I believe the number of people in need of mental health support will increase due to the PTSD, chronic stress, trauma of two years of the pandemic and all the global events we are experiencing.

我認(rèn)為,需要心理健康支援的人數(shù) 將會增加,原因包括 創(chuàng)傷后壓力癥候群、 慢性壓力、 創(chuàng)傷,可能是來自兩年的疫情, 也可能來自我們 在經(jīng)歷的各種全球事件。

【29】And this is the beginning of a bigger mental health catastrophe we all need to face.

有個更大的心理健康災(zāi)難, 現(xiàn)在只是開端, 我們都得面對這災(zāi)難。

【30】We're trying our best, even though we work in a tough environment with the strong stigma and the cultural memory of psychiatry as an instrument of oppression.

我們在盡力而為, 雖然我們工作的環(huán)境很艱苦, 汙名化問題嚴(yán)重, 且在大家的文化記憶中, 精神病學(xué)就是壓迫工具。

【31】Our goal is to minimize the risk of people giving up on therapy because it's dangerous.

我們的目標(biāo)是要將大家 放棄治療的風(fēng)險降到最低, 因為那樣很危險,

【32】On an individual level, it means a barrier for well-being, and unfolding potential.

就個人層面來說, 這意味著阻礙安康 以及呈現(xiàn)潛能的障礙。

【33】For the world, it means a loss in productivity and economy.

對世界而言, 這意味著生產(chǎn)力和經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況走下坡。

【34】Just depression and anxiety disorder cause the global economy an estimated one trillion dollars each year in lost productivity.

光是憂郁和焦慮疾病 就讓全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的生產(chǎn)力損失 估計達(dá)每年一兆美金。

【35】But I believe that the most important costs are the decrease in the quality of connections between people.

但,我相信,最重要的成本 是人與人的連結(jié)品質(zhì)下降、

【36】The loss of self awareness.

失去自我意識、

【37】An increase in hatred and violence.

仇恨和暴力增加。

【38】Psychotherapy is not only about one individual finding help for their individual issues.

心理治療的重點并不只是讓個人 針對自己的個人問題尋求協(xié)助。

【39】When one of us is wounded, all of us share in that wound.

當(dāng)我們當(dāng)中的一個人受傷,

【40】Psychotherapy is a way to move forward from the burden of the past and trauma of the present by breaking cycles of hurt, by embracing the path of healing and self-knowledge.

心理治療是向前邁進(jìn)的方式, 以及現(xiàn)今的創(chuàng)傷, 做法是打破傷痛的循環(huán), 擁抱療愈以及自知的道路。

【41】Because by knowing ourselves and seeking healing from our pain and trauma, we also become better human beings in our interconnected world, bringing a real hope for peace.

因為,當(dāng)我們能夠去認(rèn)識自己 在我們彼此相連的世界中, 我們也變成了更好的人, 帶來真正的和平希望。

【42】Thank you.

謝謝。