A urinalysis is done to check for an occult urinary tract infection and to make sure the kidneys are producing urine that is normal in character. A chest X-ray is done to evaluate the patient's lungs and is done for major surgeries and in patients older than 50 years of age. An electrocardiogram is done on older patients who may have occult evidence for heart disease that only shows up on an electrocardiogram.? Other tests directly evaluate the reason for the surgery and include a CT scan, MRI scan, PET scan, and other X-rays that evaluate a tumor if this is the reason for the surgery.? If an area of the body needs to be closely examined before the operation, the surgeon will do these tests before performing the surgery. (Surgery) ??注釋： ??urinalysis /?j??r??n?l?s?s/ 尿液分析；尿液檢查；尿檢；驗(yàn)?zāi)???occult /??k?lt; ??k?lt/ 隱(性)的；(潛)隱的；不伴隨可見跡象(或癥狀)的 ??urinary tract infection (UTI) /?j??r?n?r? ?tr?kt ?n?f?k?(?)n/ 尿路感染 ??kidney /?k?dn?/ 腎臟；(食用的)動(dòng)物腰子 ??chest X-ray /?t??st ??ks re?/ 胸片；胸部X光 ??lung? /l??/ 肺 ??major surgery /?me?d?? ?s??d??r?/ 大手術(shù) ??electrocardiogram (ECG) /??l?ktr???kɑ?d???ɡr?m/ 心電圖 ??surgery /?s??d??r?/ 手術(shù)；外科手術(shù)；外科學(xué) ??CT scan /?si? ?ti? ?sk?n/ 電子計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描 (computed tomography或computerized tomography) ??MRI scan /??m ?ɑ?r ?a? ?sk?n/ 磁共振掃描 (magnetic resonance imaging) ??PET scan /?p?t ?sk?n/ 正電子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描；正電子發(fā)射斷層掃描 (positron emission tomography) ??tumor (美式); tumour (英式) /?tu?m?; ?tju?m?/ 腫瘤 ??closely /?kl??sl?/ 仔細(xì)地；細(xì)致地；嚴(yán)密地；密切地；周密地 ??surgeon /?s??d??n/ 外科醫(yī)生