SCI醫(yī)學綜述論文：確定問題的舉例？
一、.臨床療效問題
1）自由式表達
哪種抗生素能夠提高慢性傷口患者的愈合？
Which of the many available antimicrobial products improve healing in patients with chronic wounds?
2）結(jié)構(gòu)式表達
所研究問題的人群：沒有住院的情況下發(fā)生多種慢性傷口的患者……
The population: In adults with various forms of chronic wounds in an ambulatory setting...
?
所研究問題的干預(yù)：……對全身性或局部傷口進行抗菌治療……
The interventions: ...wound systemic or topical antimicrobial preparations...
?
所研究問題的結(jié)局：……提高傷口愈合？
The outcomes: ...improve wound healing?
?
所研究問題的設(shè)計：隨機對照臨床試驗，將有慢性傷口的患者隨機分配，選擇干預(yù)及對照組以確定傷口愈合干預(yù)的療效。
The study design: A randomized controlled trial that allocates subjects with chronic wounds to alternative therapeutic interventions of interest and determines the effect of the interventions on wound healing.
?
二、病因問題
1）自由式表達
妊娠期苯二氮草暴露是否與新生兒畸形有關(guān)？
Is exposure to benzodiazepines in pregnancy associated with malformations in the new-born baby?
?
（2）結(jié)構(gòu)式表達
所研究問題的人群：孕婦
The population:In pregnant women
?
所研究問題的干預(yù)：……孕早期苯二氮草暴露……
The exposure: ..does exposure to benzodiazepines during early pregnancy.-·
?
所研究問題的結(jié)局：………新生兒畸形?
The outcomes: ..malformations in the new-born baby?
?
所研究問題的研究設(shè)計：招募孕早期孕婦，評估苯二氮革暴露，隨訪至新生兒出生，比較暴露孕婦和非暴露孕婦的新生兒畸形率（隊列研究）。
Study design: A study that recruits women in early pregnancy, assesses their exposure to benzodiazepines, follows them up and examines their new-born babies to compare the rates of malformations among women with exposure and those without (cohort study ).
?
三、檢測準確性問題
1）自由式表達
絕經(jīng)后婦女異常陰道流血，骨盆超聲掃描能準確地排除子宮癌嗎？
Among postmenopausal women with abnormal vaginal bleeding, does pelvic ultrasound scan exclude uterine cancer accurately?
?
2）結(jié)構(gòu)式表達
所研究問題的人群：社區(qū)絕經(jīng)后婦女，陰道流血……
The population: In postmenopausal women, within a community setting,with vaginal bleeding...
?
檢測：子宮超聲掃描檢測……
uterine ultrasound scan test...
?
參考標準：……子宮癌的組織學診斷
The reference standard:... histological diagnosis of uterine cancer
?
研究設(shè)計：從定義的人群中招募婦女，使用測試（掃描）和一項參考標準調(diào)查確定或排除癌癥（組織學），確定鑒別癌癥的準確度（觀察性研究）。
The study design: A study that recruits women from a relevant population,uses the test (scan ) and a reference standard investigation to confirm or refute the presence of cancer (histology), and determines the accuracy with which the test identifies cancer(observational study).
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