88.穆赫塔吉家族
節(jié)選翻譯自The new islamic dynasties:A chronological and genealogical manual,Clifford Edmund Bosworth(克利福德·埃德蒙·博斯沃思)著,88.The Muhtajids
雖然這本書(shū)有中文版(臺(tái)灣翻譯,名為《伊斯蘭時(shí)代簡(jiǎn)史》),但是我沒(méi)有管道買(mǎi)到實(shí)體書(shū)或者獲得電子書(shū),只能硬啃英文,將自己感興趣、需要的翻譯出來(lái)(人名多是自翻,僅供參考)
ps:薩曼王朝的呼羅珊總督的具體任期目前尚不清楚,畢竟有一年換,也有好幾年換的


[1] 通常稱老查干尼或伊本·穆赫塔吉(Ibn Mu?taj)
[1] 通常稱為阿布·阿里·查干尼(Abu Ali Chaghani)
[1] 努赫一世實(shí)際上對(duì)他還是十分猜忌,在他與白益王朝開(kāi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)又撤了他的呼羅珊總督之職,他一怒之下叛逃至白益王朝,次年得了瘟疫,死于雷伊城
[1] 努赫一世試圖將呼羅珊總督之職授予西木居爾家族,立馬引起了阿布·阿里·查干尼的反彈,他尋來(lái)努赫之叔易卜拉欣·本·阿赫馬德,立為埃米爾,意圖推翻努赫一世,并一度攻占布哈拉。但因易卜拉欣不得人心,最終努赫反攻成功,廢掉易卜拉欣,查干尼遁入山中,雙方談判后,查干尼得以繼續(xù)統(tǒng)治其封地,但需將兒子送往布哈拉作為人質(zhì)。

穆赫塔吉家族是阿姆河中游北岸查干尼揚(yáng)公國(guó)(Chaghaniyan)[1]的世襲統(tǒng)治者,但他們究竟是阿拉伯入侵時(shí)的本土伊朗人查干·胡達(dá)(Chaghan Khudas)的后裔,還是波斯化阿拉伯人的后裔,目前還不得而知。他們?cè)谑兰o(jì)的第25-50年擔(dān)任薩曼王朝的將領(lǐng),并作為薩曼埃米爾手下的呼羅珊總督與最高軍事統(tǒng)帥。阿布·阿里·阿赫馬德【即阿布·阿里·查干尼】是這段時(shí)期(穆塔赫吉家族)的核心人物,但他最終在流亡過(guò)程中死去。然而,穆赫塔吉家族可能在11世紀(jì)的查干尼揚(yáng)仍然保持他們本土的統(tǒng)治,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)本土的王公仍然會(huì)被(史籍)提及到,盡管他們與10世紀(jì)的穆赫塔吉家族統(tǒng)治者之間的從屬關(guān)系仍然不算清楚。
[1]又稱恰甘尼安,阿拉伯語(yǔ)稱為薩甘尼安(al-Saghaniyan)。即《新唐書(shū)·西域傳》中的石汗那(斫汗那)《大唐西域記》作赤鄂衍那,《冊(cè)府元龜》作支汗那。位于今烏茲別克斯坦共和國(guó)南部,蘇爾漢河上游西之迭腦(意為新村)一帶
原文附上
The Mu?taj family were hereditary lords of the principality of Chaghaniyan on the north bank of the middle Oxus, but whether they were descendants of the indigenous, presumably iranian, Chaghan Khudas from the time of the Arab invasions, or possibly Persianised Arabs, is unknown. They appear as commanders for the Samanids, and then as governors and commanders-in-chief in Khurasan for the Amirs, in the second quarter of the tenth century. Abu ‘Ali A?mad was a dominant figure there, but eventually died in exile. it seems, however, that the Mu?tajids retained their local base in Chaghaniyan,possibly into the eleventh century, since local princes there are mentioned,although their affiliation to the original line is uncertain.
臺(tái)譯本

查干·胡達(dá)實(shí)際上應(yīng)該是一個(gè)人(khudas是伊斯蘭之前中亞貴族的高級(jí)頭銜,一般是一方領(lǐng)主),或者說(shuō)一個(gè)頭銜,而臺(tái)譯本似乎曲解為一族
Zambaur, 204; Album, 33.
Ei2 ‘Muhtadjids’ (C. E. Bosworth); Eir ‘Al-e Mo?taj’ (Bosworth).
C. E. Bosworth, ‘The rulers of Chaghaniyan in early islamic times’, JBiPS, 19 (1981), 1-20.