passage3

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

? ? ? ??①When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed as Literature.

? ? ? ? ①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②

Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.③This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression.④ We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.⑥ Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.

? ? ? ??①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:"Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."

? ? ? ? ?①This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?

[334 words]

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ?這是一篇關(guān)于未來派詩歌這種新文學(xué)形式的文學(xué)評論。文章介紹了未來派詩歌的觀點(diǎn)，并對其進(jìn)行批評，指出很難將其歸入文學(xué)范疇。文章為總-分-總的結(jié)構(gòu)。

? ? ? ? ?第一段：提出全文主旨：即使承認(rèn)未來派詩歌的理論依據(jù)，也很難將它視為文學(xué)作品。

? ? ? ?? 第二段：闡述未來派詩歌的觀點(diǎn)。

? ? ? ? ?第三段：以一首描寫戰(zhàn)斗的詩歌為例，指出未來派詩歌描寫的雜亂無章。第四段：呼應(yīng)首段，再次重申未來派詩歌很難被歸于文學(xué)作品這一主旨。

19. This passage is mainly.

[A]a survey of new approaches to art

[B]a review of Futurist poetry

[C] about merits of the Futurist movement

[D] about laws and requirements of literature

19.這篇文章主要是。

[A]對藝術(shù)新方法的概觀

[B]對未來派詩歌的評論

[C]有關(guān)未來派運(yùn)動的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

[D]有關(guān)文學(xué)的規(guī)則和要求

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.

[A] determine its purposes

[B] ignore its flaws

[C] follow the new fashions

[D] accept the principles

20.當(dāng)新的文學(xué)觀點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，人們應(yīng)該努力去。

[A]確定其目的

[B]忽視其缺陷

[C]追隨這些新風(fēng)尚

[D]接受其原則

21. Futurists claim that we must.

[A] increase the production of literature

[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress

[C] develop new modes of expression

[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs

21.未來主義者宣稱我們必須。

[A]加大文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作數(shù)量

[B]用詩歌來減輕現(xiàn)代的壓力

[C]形成新的表達(dá)方式

[D]避免使用形容詞和動詞

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.

[A] based on reasonable principles

[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people

[C]indicative of a basic change in human nature

[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature

22.作者認(rèn)為未來主義流派詩歌是。

[A]基于合理的原則

[B]對普通人來說是新生的、可接受的事物

[C]顯示出人性的根本變化

[D]與其說是文學(xué)，不如說是一種暫時(shí)的現(xiàn)象

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

核心詞匯：

①.at will

whenever or wherever you like 任意，隨意

例：They were able to come and go at will.他們能夠來去自由。

②.class?n.vt.*[常用被動態(tài)]to think or decide that sb/sth is a particular type of person or thing把…….看作或分類、歸類（用class?sb/sth as sth）

? ?例：Immigrant workers were classed as aliens.移民來的工人已歸入僑民類。

n.1.[c]種類，類別，（質(zhì)量）等級

例：It was good accommodation for a hotel of this class.就這種檔次的旅館來說，住宿條件算是不錯(cuò)了。

/different classes of drugs不同種類的毒品

2.[U]an elegant quality or a high level of skill that is impressive 優(yōu)雅，典雅，高超

例：

She has class all right-she looks like a model.她的確風(fēng)姿嫻雅，看上去像模特兒一樣。

a.[僅用于名詞前]（技術(shù)、風(fēng)格等）很好的，優(yōu)秀的

例：a class player/performer優(yōu)秀的選手/表演者

③.consequently

adv.? as a result；

therefore因此，所以；

consequent a.作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的；

consequencen.結(jié)果，后果，影響，重要性

④.corresponding?

a.matching or connected with sth one has just mentioned符合的，相應(yīng)的，相關(guān)聯(lián)的（后跟介詞to）

例：A change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure.貨幣供應(yīng)量的改變隨即引起支出的相應(yīng)改變。

correspondv.相一致，符合；類似于，相當(dāng)于

⑤.farfetched

a.牽強(qiáng)的

例：a farfetched analogy/excuse牽強(qiáng)的相似/借口；

類似的詞還有：far-famed馳名的，威名遠(yuǎn)播的，farsighted有遠(yuǎn)見的

⑥.fulfil

vt.to do or achieve what was hoped for or expected 實(shí)現(xiàn)（希望等）

例：to fulfill your ambition/potential 實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)/發(fā)揮潛力

*2.to do or have what is required or necessary履行，執(zhí)行；符合，具備（要求的或必備的條件）

例：to fulfill a duty/all the criteria 履行職責(zé)/符合所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

3.to make sb feel happy and satisfied with what they are doing or have done（所做的事）使高興，使?jié)M意（用fulfill sb/oneself）

例：I need a job that really fulfills me.我需要一份真正令我感到滿足的工作。

⑦.propositon?

n.[C]

1.a statement that consists of a carefully considered opinion or judgment主張，觀點(diǎn)，見解例：Marx accepted several of the key propositions developed by Adam Smith.馬克思采納了亞當(dāng)·史密闡述的幾個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)。

2.an offer or suggestion（尤指商業(yè)、政治上的）提議，建議

例：We have a proposition to make.我們有個(gè)建議要提。

propose v.提議，建議；提名，推薦；求婚；proposal n.建議，提議；求婚

⑧.unhampered a.不受阻礙的，不受限制的；

hamper v.妨礙，阻礙，牽制

三、閱讀答案：C?D B A

四、全文翻譯：

? ? ???當(dāng)一場新的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動形成某種風(fēng)尚時(shí)，明智的做法是弄清其倡導(dǎo)者的目的所在，因?yàn)闊o論他們的觀念在今天看來是多么牽強(qiáng)附會、多么不可思議，將來都有可能被視為是正常的。（句式1）然而，就未來派詩歌而言，情況卻比較復(fù)雜，因?yàn)闊o論未來派詩歌為何物，即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)可能正確，也很難將它歸入文學(xué)。（句式2）

? ? ? ?簡而言之，未來派詩人這樣宣稱：一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，過去的生活狀況一直在有條件地飛速變化；現(xiàn)在，我們生活在一個(gè)充斥著喧器、暴力和快節(jié)奏的世界之中。因此，我們的感情、思想和情緒都產(chǎn)生了相應(yīng)的變化。未來派詩人聲稱，這種加速的生活節(jié)奏需要一種新的表達(dá)形式。如果我們想詮釋現(xiàn)代生活的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐。我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，擺脫句號、修飾性形容詞及限定動詞的羈絆。我們不是要描繪聲音，而是必須造出模仿聲音的詞語；我們必須在同一張紙上使用不同型號的字體和不同顏色的墨水，任意縮短或加長詞語。

? ? ? ?毫無疑問，他們對戰(zhàn)斗的描述會令人費(fèi)解。但是讀到一句描寫戰(zhàn)斗的詩行的注解時(shí)，則更令人生厭。注解中說該詩描寫了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在一座橋上發(fā)生了搏斗，結(jié)果雙雙從橋上掉進(jìn)河中—一后來發(fā)現(xiàn)這一行詩文是由軍官落水的聲音和他們的體重組成的：“撲通！撲通！一百八十五公斤?！保ň涫?）

? ? ? ?盡管這種寫法符合未來派詩歌的規(guī)則和要求，但是卻很難被歸入文學(xué)之列。同樣，任何一個(gè)有思想的人都不會拒絕接受他們的基本主張：情感生活的巨大變化要求表達(dá)方式也隨之變化。但實(shí)際問題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎？