????????目前，全球新冠肺炎疫情正在惡化。美國(guó)由弗洛伊德事件引發(fā)的全國(guó)性抗議活動(dòng)已持續(xù)兩周有余，這引發(fā)了醫(yī)學(xué)衛(wèi)生專家和官員的普遍擔(dān)憂。

示威游行增加感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

????????受近期抗議活動(dòng)影響，美國(guó)多地新增病例數(shù)出現(xiàn)較大增幅。據(jù)CNN9日?qǐng)?bào)道，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)，22個(gè)州的確診病例呈上升趨勢(shì)。截止6月7日，此前病例數(shù)相對(duì)較少的抗議暴發(fā)地明尼蘇達(dá)州的病例也激增至2.7萬(wàn)例。

????????據(jù)《大西洋月刊》（The Atlantic）6月1日?qǐng)?bào)道：

• Minnesota, the epicenter of the unrest, is already a hot spot for coronavirus infection. There were more COVID-19 deaths on average in Minnesota this week than in any previous week of the pandemic, and the state’s hospitalization rate has never been higher since the pandemic began.?

• 抗議活動(dòng)的震中明尼蘇達(dá)州已經(jīng)成為新冠肺炎感染的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)。本周明尼蘇達(dá)州新冠肺炎平均死亡人數(shù)比之前任何一周都要多，并且該州的住院率自大流行病開(kāi)始以來(lái)從未這樣高過(guò)。

????????聚集性抗議活動(dòng)中，人們自我防護(hù)不到位。而且，示威者在高喊口號(hào)時(shí)呼出的飛沫有可能攜帶大量病毒、吸入胡椒噴霧和催淚彈氣體導(dǎo)致人打噴嚏和咳嗽，這都會(huì)加速病毒的傳播。

• The virus seems to spread the most when people yell (such as to chant a slogan), sneeze (to expel pepper spray), or cough (after inhaling tear gas).

• 大喊（比如喊口號(hào)）、吸入胡椒噴霧和催淚彈氣體后打噴嚏和咳嗽，都會(huì)導(dǎo)致病毒大量傳播。

• The virus can spread especially easily in small, cramped places, such as police vans and jails.

• 警車和監(jiān)獄等狹窄擁擠的環(huán)境，都會(huì)使得病毒更易于傳播。

????????此外，美聯(lián)社指出一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的現(xiàn)狀：明尼阿波利斯、洛杉磯、紐約、華盛頓特區(qū)等多個(gè)出現(xiàn)抗議示威活動(dòng)的城市，恰恰都是美國(guó)新增確診病例較為集中的地區(qū)。這讓這些地方可能面臨更為嚴(yán)峻的疫情形勢(shì)。

????????6月1日，美國(guó)衛(wèi)生部醫(yī)務(wù)總監(jiān)杰羅姆·亞當(dāng)斯（Jerome Adams）表示，受全國(guó)抗議導(dǎo)致人群聚集的影響，美國(guó)將迎來(lái)新一輪的疫情暴發(fā)。

• "Based on the way the disease spreads, there is every reason to expect that we will see new clusters and potentially new outbreaks moving forward."

• “考慮到這種疾病的傳播方式，我認(rèn)為之后將有新一輪的病例增長(zhǎng)和疫情暴發(fā)?！?

????????最新數(shù)據(jù)在一定程度上印證了這種擔(dān)憂。

????????據(jù)美國(guó)約翰斯·霍普金斯大學(xué)發(fā)布的全球新冠肺炎數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，截至美國(guó)東部時(shí)間6月8日晚6時(shí)，全美共報(bào)告新冠肺炎確診1956527例，死亡110932例。過(guò)去24小時(shí)，美國(guó)新增確診24677例，新增死亡791例。

• More than 1.9 million Americans have been infected, and more than 110,000 have died in just over four months, according to data from Johns Hopkins University.

????????當(dāng)抗疫遇上抗議，美國(guó)正在面臨一道更加艱難的考題。

千名醫(yī)生發(fā)聲：

不要借疫情阻止抗議

????????一方面，美國(guó)疫情依然嚴(yán)峻，衛(wèi)生官員警告抗議會(huì)影響“抗疫”，另一方面，許多美國(guó)醫(yī)務(wù)工作者聲援抗議，呼吁不要以疫情為由阻止抗議活動(dòng)。

????????據(jù)報(bào)道，華盛頓大學(xué)的一組傳染病學(xué)專家于5月31日發(fā)布公開(kāi)信，三日內(nèi)就得到了超一千名包括流行病學(xué)家、醫(yī)生、衛(wèi)生專家和醫(yī)學(xué)生的簽名。

????????這封信表達(dá)了他們對(duì)于一些人借疫情壓制抗議的不滿，認(rèn)為反種族歧視對(duì)于公共衛(wèi)生至關(guān)重要：

• We created the letter in response to emerging narratives that seemed to malign demonstrations as risky for the public health because of COVID-19. Instead, we wanted to present a narrative that prioritizes opposition to racism as vital to the public health, including the epidemic response.

• 我們寫這封信，是為了回應(yīng)越來(lái)越多對(duì)于抗議活動(dòng)的惡意言論，它們借新冠疫情為由稱抗議對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生構(gòu)成威脅。相反，我們想表達(dá)一種觀點(diǎn)，反種族歧視對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生，包括疫情響應(yīng)，至關(guān)重要。

• We believe that the way forward is not to suppress protests in the name of public health but to respond to protesters demands in the?name of public health, thereby addressing multiple public?health crises.

• 我們相信進(jìn)步的方式不是以公共衛(wèi)生為名壓制抗議，而是以公共衛(wèi)生為名回應(yīng)抗議者的訴求，從而解決多重公共衛(wèi)生危機(jī)。

????????在信中，醫(yī)務(wù)工作者們同意社交隔離是防疫的最好方法，但表示，并不會(huì)因此而譴責(zé)人們聚集起來(lái)抗議，相反，他們要支持這些抗議，因?yàn)楹谌巳后w在疫情中的感染率很高，這已經(jīng)是種族不平等的體現(xiàn)，更應(yīng)當(dāng)抗議尋求改變。

????????這封信的作者讓大家做好準(zhǔn)備，每一場(chǎng)抗議過(guò)后，感染病例會(huì)增加，所以要加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)力度，要為受感染的人，尤其是因參加抗議而感染的人提供良好的救治。

• "Prepare for an increased number of infections in the days following a protest," the letter says. "Provide increased access to testing and care for people in the affected communities, especially when they or their family members put themselves at risk by attending protests."

????????華盛頓大學(xué)傳染病研究員艾比·侯賽因稱，對(duì)于非裔美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這件事“生死攸關(guān)”（a "life or death matter"）。

• "While everyone is concerned about the risk of?COVID-19, there are risks with just being black in this country that almost outweigh that sometimes. And the sad part is the group that is protesting for their rights are the same people who are already?disproportionately?affected by the disease," Hussein told CNN.?

• 侯賽因?qū)NN說(shuō)：“每個(gè)人都在擔(dān)憂新冠肺炎的感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但在這個(gè)國(guó)家，生而為黑人本身就是一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有時(shí)比感染疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更甚。悲哀的是，這群為自己的權(quán)益而抗?fàn)幍娜?，正是同一群不成比例地大范圍感染新冠肺炎的人?/strong>”

????????他表示，黑人們此刻不抗議，將來(lái)也許更沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)抗議，新冠疫情不知還會(huì)延續(xù)多久，但白人至上和白人壓迫已存在了很久，如果人們不反抗，這種壓迫就還會(huì)繼續(xù)。

• "It's something they're doing because if they don't fight for this now, they may never be able to fight for it in the future, because while COVID-19 is right now, and we don't know how long it's going to last,?white supremacy?and oppression has been a long way longer, and we can guarantee that it's going to continue if people don't do anything about it now."

????????如何解決好防疫和抗議的矛盾，如何在防疫和經(jīng)濟(jì)重啟之間取得平衡，都是擺在美國(guó)面前的棘手問(wèn)題。

編輯：陳月華 左卓

實(shí)習(xí)生：梁詩(shī)卿 余雪聰

參考資料：CNN CBS the Atlantic等

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