TED演講者：Jiaying Zhao / Jiaying Zhao

演講標(biāo)題：How to feng shui your fridge -- and other happy climate hacks / TED如何給你的冰箱看“風(fēng)水，以及其他快樂氣候的秘訣

內(nèi)容概要：Is it possible for taking action on climate change to make you feel happy? Behavioral scientist Jiaying Zhao believes that's the only way we'll create lasting, sustainable change. From treat meals to feng shui fridges, she offers eight life hacks to lower your carbon emissions while increasing your joy and fulfillment.

對氣候變化采取行動有可能讓你感到快樂嗎？行為科學(xué)家趙嘉穎認(rèn)為，這是我們創(chuàng)造持久、可持續(xù)變化的唯一途徑。從請客吃飯到風(fēng)水冰箱，她提供了八個生活竅門來降低你的碳排放，同時增加你的快樂和成就感。

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【1】Hi everyone.

大家好。

【2】I'm JZ.

我是JZ。

【3】Not the cool rapper,

不是很酷的說唱歌手,

【4】(Laughter) but the professor trying to cool the planet through behavior change.

(笑聲) 但是教授試圖通過改變行為來給地球降溫。

【5】(Laughter) The other day I gave my students an assignment.

(笑聲) 前幾天,我給學(xué)生布置了一項作業(yè)。

【6】I asked them to come up with individual actions they can take that serve two functions: reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make themselves feel happier.

我讓他們想出自己可以采取的行動 有兩個功能: 減少溫室氣體排放 讓自己感覺更快樂。

【7】They did a great job coming up with actions to reduce emissions, but they had a much harder time with the happiness part.

他們在采取行動減少排放方面做得很好, 但是他們在快樂的部分經(jīng)歷了更多的困難。

【8】One student told me that he wanted to cut back on cheese.

一個學(xué)生告訴我,他想少吃奶酪。

【9】But right after he said that, he got really sad.

但就在他說完后,他變得很傷心。

【10】(Laughter) Unfortunately, my students are not alone.

(笑聲) 不幸的是,我的學(xué)生并不孤單。

【11】When most people think about climate action, they immediately default to things they have to give up for the planet.

當(dāng)大多數(shù)人想到氣候行動時, 他們立刻默認(rèn)了為了這個星球而不得不放棄的東西。

【12】This mindset is so ingrained in us, partly because the current narrative on climate action is about personal sacrifice.

這種心態(tài)在我們心中根深蒂固, 部分是因為當(dāng)前關(guān)于氣候行動的敘述 是關(guān)于個人犧牲的。

【13】Drive less, eat less meat, shop less.

少開車,少吃肉,少購物。

【14】Less, less, less.

越來越少。

【15】Now I'm a behavioral scientist, so trust me when I say this, this framing doesn't make us feel great.

我是一名行為科學(xué)家,所以相信我說的話, 這種框架并沒有讓我們感覺很好。

【16】If anything, it makes us feel shameful and guilty.

如果有什么不同的話,那就是讓我們感到羞恥和內(nèi)疚。

【17】And those negative emotions are not conducive to long term behavior change because they make us retreat and disengage.

這些負(fù)面情緒不利于長期的行為改變 因為它們讓我們退縮和脫離。

【18】If the future of a planet depends on a few people willing to make personal sacrifices, we're not going to make it.

如果一個星球的未來取決于少數(shù)人 愿意做出個人犧牲, 我們不會成功的。

【19】(Laughter) So what should we do instead The aha moment came to me at the end of a faculty meeting when my colleague, Elizabeth Dunn, approached me and asked, "Can we make climate action feel happy instead of miserable"

(笑聲) 那么我們應(yīng)該做些什么呢 在一次教員會議結(jié)束時,我恍然大悟 當(dāng)我的同事伊麗莎白·鄧恩找到我問我, “我們能讓氣候行動感到快樂而不是痛苦嗎”

【20】I said, "Of course."

我說:“當(dāng)然?！?/p>

【21】But then it struck me that I don't think anyone ever connected happiness to climate action.

但是我突然想到 我不認(rèn)為有人會把幸福和氣候變化聯(lián)系起來。

【22】So Liz and I set down to do exactly that.

所以莉茲和我開始著手做這件事。

【23】Liz is a happiness scientist.

利茲是一位快樂科學(xué)家。

【24】She knows what makes people happy.

她知道什么能讓人快樂。

【25】I'm a behavioral scientist.

我是一名行為科學(xué)家。

【26】I know what makes people change their behavior.

我知道是什么讓人們改變他們的行為。

【27】I'm also a human carbon calculator.

我也是人體碳計算器。

【28】I like figuring out exactly how much emissions certain activities have.

我喜歡精確計算特定活動的排放量。

【29】So first I came up with a list of actions that can substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

所以首先我想出了一個行動清單 這可以大大減少溫室氣體的排放。

【30】And then Liz identified the actions with the largest happiness benefits.

然后Liz確定了快樂收益最大的行為。

【31】And this is how we came up with what we call the happy climate approach.

這就是我們?nèi)绾蜗氤鑫覀兯^的 快樂氣候方法。

【32】It's actions in the sweet spot that not only reduce emissions but also make you feel happier at the same time.

在最佳點的行動不僅減少了排放 但同時也讓你感到更快樂。

【33】Now, I know that some of you may think that individual actions may seem trivial without large-scale system change.

現(xiàn)在,我知道你們中的一些人可能認(rèn)為個人行為可能看起來微不足道 而不需要大規(guī)模的系統(tǒng)改變。

【34】I get that.

我明白了。

【35】But let me tell you how I think about this as a behavior change expert.

但是讓我告訴你作為一個行為改變專家,我是如何看待這個問題的。

【36】Our individual actions do matter because they embody our values and our care for the planet to other people.

我們每個人的行動都很重要 因為它們體現(xiàn)了我們的價值觀 以及我們對地球的關(guān)心。

【37】They can spread like a ripple effect to instigate collective action.

它們會像漣漪效應(yīng)一樣擴散開來,引發(fā)集體行動。

【38】They send a market signal to businesses and they can trigger broader structural institutional change.

他們向企業(yè)發(fā)出市場信號 它們還能引發(fā)更廣泛的結(jié)構(gòu)性制度變革。

【39】So yes, we do need system change, but we also need individual behavior change.

所以,是的,我們確實需要系統(tǒng)改變, 但是我們也需要個人行為的改變。

【40】Don't let anyone tell you otherwise.

不要讓任何人告訴你不是這樣。

【41】Alright.

好吧。

【42】Now I want to take you on a whirlwind tour through some of my favorite happy climate actions.

現(xiàn)在我想帶你們進(jìn)行一次旋風(fēng)式的旅行 通過一些我最喜歡的快樂氣候行動。

【43】Are you ready

你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎

【44】(Audience: Yes!) Great.

(觀眾:對！) 太好了。

【45】Let's start with my pet bunny.

先從我的寵物兔子說起吧。

【46】Since this is a year of the rabbit.

因為今年是兔年。

【47】(Laughter) A few years ago, my partner and I adopted Greenwich.

(笑聲) 幾年前, 我和我的搭檔領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了格林威治。

【48】(Laughter) She's adorable.

(笑聲) 她很可愛。

【49】She's also a vegan.

她也是素食主義者。

【50】We have so many plants, vegetables and fruits in our house, thanks to Greenwich.

我們有如此多的植物, 我們家的蔬菜和水果,感謝格林威治。

【51】And because of that, I'm eating a lot more vegetables myself than I used to.

正因為如此, 我現(xiàn)在吃的蔬菜比以前多了很多。

【52】And I’m not kidding, I'm feeling a lot happier.

我不是在開玩笑, 我感覺開心多了。

【53】Eating more plants can reduce agricultural emissions by up to 80 percent.

多吃植物可以減少高達(dá)80%的農(nóng)業(yè)排放。

【54】I guess that part you may have known before.

我想這部分你可能已經(jīng)知道了。

【55】But do you also know that a plant-based diet can make you feel happier Decades of medical studies suggest that a plant-based diet can increase both physical and mental health.

但是你也知道植物性飲食可以讓你感覺更快樂嗎 幾十年的醫(yī)學(xué)研究表明 植物性飲食可以增進(jìn)身心健康。

【56】In a recent experiment, researchers recruited people from North Dakota who barely ate any vegetables.

在最近的一次實驗中, 研究人員從北達(dá)科他州招募了一些人 幾乎不吃蔬菜的人。

【57】And they fed these people a plant-based diet for two months.

他們給這些人吃了兩個月的植物性飲食。

【58】These people, on this diet, felt a lot happier at the end of two months, than they did before they started the experiment.

這些人,按照這種飲食, 兩個月后,我覺得開心多了, 比他們開始實驗前要多。

【59】So researchers think that this is because plants -- so fruits, vegetables -- are high in vitamins and phytochemicals that provide both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits to the brain and the body.

所以研究人員認(rèn)為這是因為植物- 所以水果,蔬菜- 富含維生素和植物化學(xué)物質(zhì) 提供抗氧化和抗炎的好處 到大腦和身體。

【60】So the happy climate action here is eat more plants.

所以這里的快樂氣候行動是吃更多的植物。

【61】(Laughter) But this does not mean never eat meat, because I can tell you that deprivation is a disaster for happiness.

(笑聲) 但這并不意味著從不吃肉, 因為我可以告訴你,剝奪是幸福的災(zāi)難。

【62】Instead, we should aim for the right balance of meat and plants in our diet that will make us maximally happy.

相反,我們應(yīng)該致力于正確的平衡 肉類和植物 這會讓我們最大限度地快樂。

【63】Now, as you're thinking about this diet and this balance, understand that not all meat is created equal.

現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)你思考這種飲食和平衡時, 要明白并非所有的肉生來平等。

【64】One kilogram of beef emits about 100 kilograms of greenhouse gases.

一公斤牛肉 排放大約100公斤的溫室氣體。

【65】That's roughly the same as driving 250 miles.

這大致相當(dāng)于行駛250英里。

【66】But other types of meat, like fish, pork and poultry have a lot lower emissions.

但是其他種類的肉, 像魚一樣,豬肉和家禽的排放量要低得多。

【67】But if you do want to eat beef, here's the happy climate hack: make it a treat.

但是如果你想吃牛肉, 以下是快樂氣候秘訣: 讓它成為一種享受。

【68】One study shows that temporarily giving up something we enjoy can actually renew our capacity to savor that thing when we have it again.

一項研究表明,暫時放棄我們喜歡的東西 當(dāng)我們再次擁有它的時候,實際上可以更新我們品味它的能力。

【69】And that can increase our happiness.

這能增加我們的快樂。

【70】And beyond food, we can turn other things into a treat as well, like shopping.

除了食物,我們還可以把其他東西變成一種享受, 比如逛街。

【71】Now you know that fast fashion has a huge climate impact.

現(xiàn)在你知道快速時尚對氣候有巨大的影響。

【72】So instead of shopping often, make shopping a treat.

所以與其經(jīng)常購物, 讓購物成為一種享受。

【73】And here's the happy climate hack.

這是快樂氣候的秘訣。

【74】Jackets, jeans, shoes have a lot of greenhouse gas emissions.

夾克、牛仔褲、鞋子都有大量的溫室氣體排放。

【75】So treating ourselves to high-quality versions of these products that won't fall apart after a few wears is actually good for the planet.

所以給我們自己這些產(chǎn)品的高質(zhì)量版本 穿幾次就不會散的東西實際上對地球有好處。

【76】Underwear, on the other hand, have pretty low emissions.

另一方面,內(nèi)衣的排放量相當(dāng)?shù)汀?/p>

【77】So, you know, please buy those whenever you need them.

所以,你知道,需要的時候請隨時購買。

【78】(Laughter) You're welcome.

(笑聲) 不客氣

【79】(Laughter) Now let's talk about waste.

(笑聲) 現(xiàn)在我們來談?wù)劺速M。

【80】Do you know that if your space is clean, zero-waste and organized, you may feel happier Let's take a look at perhaps the messiest part of everybody's home: the fridge.

你知道嗎,如果你的空間是干凈的,零浪費的,有條理的, 你可能會感到更快樂 讓我們來看看每個人家里最亂的地方: 冰箱。

【81】Some environmental experts recommend that we put perishables into the drawers and put the condiments at the door.

一些環(huán)境專家建議我們把易腐爛的東西放進(jìn)抽屜里 把調(diào)味品放在門口。

【82】I hate to say this, but I disagree.

我不想這么說,但我不同意。

【83】I don't think the fridge is designed with human behavior in mind.

我認(rèn)為冰箱的設(shè)計沒有考慮到人類的行為。

【84】We often forget about the things in the drawers, right, out of sight, out of mind.

我們經(jīng)常忘記抽屜里的東西,對吧, 眼不見心不煩。

【85】And that can lead to a lot of food waste and emissions.

這可能會導(dǎo)致大量的食物浪費和排放。

【86】So what's the happy climate action here Feng shui your fridge.

那么這里的快樂氣候行動是什么 風(fēng)水你的冰箱。

【87】(Laughter) This is how I feng shui-ed my fridge.

(笑聲) 我就是這樣給我的冰箱風(fēng)水的。

【88】By moving the perishables to the door and the condiments into the drawers, so I can catch things before they rot.

把易腐爛的東西搬到門口 把調(diào)味品放進(jìn)抽屜里, 這樣我就能在東西腐爛前抓住它們。

【89】(Laughter) I also FIFOd my fridge, that is, “first in, first out,” meaning, moving older items to the front of the fridge so I don't forget about them.

(笑聲) 我還整理了我的冰箱,也就是說,先進(jìn)先出 也就是說,把舊的東西放到冰箱前面 所以我不會忘記他們。

【90】This way you can have a zero-waste clean fridge and you may feel happier.

這樣你就能擁有一臺零浪費的干凈冰箱 你可能會覺得更快樂。

【91】Now beyond waste, we have to talk about travel.

現(xiàn)在除了浪費,我們還得談?wù)劼眯小?/p>

【92】And here's the happy climate hack.

這是快樂氣候的秘訣。

【93】Instead of saying "drive less,"

與其說“少開車”

【94】we should say “drive more ...

我們應(yīng)該說——多開車...

【95】people."

人們。

【96】(Laughter) Yes.

(笑聲) 是的。

【97】Some studies suggest that the more time we spend with our friends and family, the happier we feel.

一些研究表明 我們和朋友家人在一起的時間越多, 我們就越開心。

【98】So what this means is that instead of driving alone in our car,

這意味著我們不再獨自開車,

【99】(Laughter) we should drive our friends.

(笑聲) 我們應(yīng)該開車送我們的朋友。

【100】Because carpooling can turn those dreadful minutes behind the wheel into joyful moments of socializing.

因為拼車可以讓那些可怕的時光成為過去 變成社交的快樂時刻。

【101】Or you can ditch the car altogether and bike.

或者你可以干脆棄車騎自行車。

【102】(Laughter) Better yet, bike with your bunny.

(笑聲) 更好的是,和你的兔子一起騎車。

【103】(Laughter) Biking is virtually carbon-free.

(笑聲) 騎自行車實際上是無碳的。

【104】And it also offers moderate exercise that activates our endocannabinoid system.

它還提供適度的運動,激活我們的內(nèi)源性大麻素系統(tǒng)。

【105】And that contributes to a sense of euphoria, that's bikers high, and greater mental well-being.

這有助于一種欣快感, 那是飛車黨高中, 和更好的精神狀態(tài)。

【106】Now, we also know that flying is carbon intensive.

現(xiàn)在,我們也知道飛行是碳密集型的。

【107】One round trip between Vancouver and New York emits about half a ton of greenhouse gases.

一張溫哥華和紐約之間的往返票 排放大約半噸溫室氣體。

【108】That's equivalent to 400 chicken burgers.

這相當(dāng)于400個雞肉漢堡。

【109】That's a lot of burgers.

那是許多漢堡。

【110】But what's exciting here is that there's a double happy climate hack here.

但令人興奮的是,這里有雙重快樂的氣候。

【111】Ready First, bundle your trips.

準(zhǔn)備好的 首先,捆綁你的旅行。

【112】This means combining multiple trips into one by meeting up with friends and family and maybe doing a little sightseeing in the region to reap the happiness benefits of social connection.

這意味著將多次旅行合并為一次 通過與朋友和家人見面 也許在這個地區(qū)觀光一下 收獲社會聯(lián)系帶來的快樂。

【113】I flew here to New York from Vancouver for this conference, and I'm meeting up with my friends in New York to be happier.

我從溫哥華飛到紐約來參加這個會議, 我要去紐約見我的朋友,讓他們更開心。

【114】Second, cutting out unnecessary flights can contribute to a sense of time affluence and that is a feeling that you have enough time to do what you want to do.

第二,削減不必要的航班 能有助于時間充裕感 那是一種你有足夠時間的感覺 做你想做的事。

【115】Studies have shown that people who experience time affluence tend to be happier because [it] enhances our sense of mindfulness, autonomy and connection to others.

研究表明,經(jīng)歷時間富足的人 傾向于更快樂 因為[它]增強了我們的正念感, 自主和與他人的聯(lián)系。

【116】In a recent study, people felt happier when they made a time-saving purchase than a material purchase because the time-saving purchase made them feel less stressed.

在最近的一項研究中,人們感到更加快樂 當(dāng)他們購買比材料更省時的東西時 因為節(jié)省時間的購買讓他們感覺壓力更小。

【117】So before you book your next flight, think about all the other trips you have to take in the future and ask yourself whether you can bundle these flights to save your future self some time.

所以在你預(yù)訂下一趟航班之前, 想想你將來要去的其他地方 問問你自己你是否能捆綁這些航班 為你未來的自己節(jié)省一些時間。

【118】Now, do you want to know the best part of this whole happy climate strategy It doesn't have to stay at the individual level.

現(xiàn)在,你想知道整個快樂氣候策略中最棒的部分嗎 不一定要停留在個人層面。

【119】We can actually call for happy climate policies that governments can enact so that everyone can get a chance to take these happy climate actions.

事實上,我們可以呼吁政府制定愉快的氣候政策 這樣每個人都能有機會采取這些快樂的氣候行動。

【120】Let me give you an example.

我給你舉個例子。

【121】Cities should invest more in climate-friendly infrastructure like bike lanes, so more people get to bike.

城市應(yīng)該加大對氣候友好型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資 比如自行車道, 所以更多的人開始騎自行車。

【122】Cities can also invest more in nature-based solutions, like urban green spaces, that not only help cool the city down during the summer, but they also provide space to take a walk, to meet your neighbors, to walk your bunny, and then you can feel happier.

城市也可以更多地投資于基于自然的解決方案, 比如城市綠地, 這不僅有助于在夏天給城市降溫, 但是它們也提供了散步的空間, 去見你的鄰居, 去遛你的兔子, 然后你會覺得更快樂。

【123】In fact, some studies show that taking a walk in nature makes people feel happier than taking a walk on a city street.

事實上,一些研究表明,在大自然中散步 讓人感覺更快樂 在城市街道上散步。

【124】I think you get the gist here.

我想你已經(jīng)抓住要點了。

【125】And I encourage you to take a moment and think about the actions you can take in your own life that not only reduce emissions, but also can make yourself feel happier.

我鼓勵你花點時間 想想你在自己的生活中可以采取的行動 那不僅減少排放,還能讓自己感覺更快樂。

【126】There's probably a lot of those in this sweet spot, so please get creative, because the bottom line is this: we need to change the narrative on climate action.

這個甜蜜點可能有很多這樣的東西, 所以請發(fā)揮創(chuàng)意, 因為底線是: 我們需要改變對氣候行動的敘述。

【127】We need to make climate action feel good because if we get this right, our future will indeed be happy.

我們需要讓氣候行動感覺良好,因為如果我們做對了, 我們的未來確實會幸福。

【128】Thank you.

謝謝你。

【129】(Applause and cheers)

(掌聲和歡呼聲)