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? ? ? ?Unit 1??Festivals and Celebrations

WHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS

我們?yōu)槭裁磻c祝節(jié)日？

Festivals are celebrated?all around the world.?They have a wide?range?oforigins,?such as?the seasons of the year, religions, famous?figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However,?no matter how?different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing?joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.

世界各地都慶祝各種節(jié)日。節(jié)日的由來五花八門，比如時節(jié)、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。每個節(jié)日都有其不同的習俗和獨特的魅力。然而，無論它們多么迥異，在世界各地，分享快樂、感恩、友愛或和平的精神存在于所有節(jié)日之中。

Of all the traditional festivals, the?harvest?festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural festival takes place after all the?crops?have beengathered?in. People celebrate to show that they?are grateful for?the year’s supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It?featured?a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people?decorate?churches?and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.

在所有的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中，豐收節(jié)幾乎可見于每一種文化之中。這一重大的農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)日在所有農(nóng)作物收成后來臨。人們舉行慶?；顒?，對這一年收獲的食物表達感恩。在古埃及，人們于春季慶祝豐收節(jié)——即埃及的豐收季。慶祝活動主要是游行和豐盛的筵席，載歌載舞，并伴有體育活動。如今，在一些歐洲國家，人們用鮮花和水果來裝飾教堂和市政廳，聚在一起共享大餐，以示慶祝。在中國的中秋節(jié)，家家戶戶歡聚一堂，觀賞明月，品嘗美味的月餅。

Customs?play a significant role in?festivals, but sometimes they can change over time.With the development of?modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may?fade away?and others may be established. One example is the?typicalChinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have?given up?this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children,?in spite of?its religious origins.

風俗在節(jié)日中扮演重要角色，但有時也隨時間而變化。隨著現(xiàn)代社會的發(fā)展和新思想的傳播，有些傳統(tǒng)會漸漸消失，而另一些傳統(tǒng)則得以建立。中國春節(jié)燃放鞭炮以驅鬼神、賀新年這一典型風俗就是一個例子。如今，為了避免空氣污染，許多大城市已經(jīng)摒棄了這一風俗。另一個例子是萬圣節(jié)，雖然起源于宗教，萬圣節(jié)漸漸成了孩子們縱情玩樂的一個節(jié)日。

Festivals are becoming more and more?commercial, with business taking advantage of the celebrations Online shopping websites and social?media?apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness.

節(jié)日正變得越來越商業(yè)化，商家會利用這些慶?；顒?進行促銷)。購物網(wǎng)站和社交媒體應用程序極大地方便了人們?yōu)橹劣H至愛花更多錢購買禮物。盡管有人認為節(jié)日不應該被商業(yè)化，但是也有人認為消費增長有利于(提高)經(jīng)濟和公眾幸福感。

Festivals are an important part of society. They?reflect?people’s wishes,?beliefs,faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are?occasions?that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually?have a lot in commonafter all.

節(jié)日是社會的一個重要組成部分。節(jié)日反映了人類的愿望、信仰、信念以及對生活的態(tài)度。節(jié)日是讓我們放松心情、享受生活、暫時忘卻工作的時刻。節(jié)日讓我們了解我們來自何方、我們是誰、我們應該感恩什么。此外，如果你仔細研究各種節(jié)日，你會驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的文化實際上有很多共同之處。

Unit 1 Reading for Writing (P8)

MY AMAZING NAADAM EXPERIENCE

我的那達慕大會奇妙經(jīng)歷

I experienced the Naadam Festival in China’s?Inner?Mongolia?Autonomous?Region?for the first time this year. The festival?falls on?the fourth day of the six month of the lunar calendar, usually lasting for three days. Naadam means “games” in Mongolian, and it is?represented?by three events: horse racing, wresting, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch!

今年，我第一次體驗了中國內蒙古自治區(qū)的那達慕大會。該節(jié)日于每年農(nóng)歷六月初四開始的，通常為期3天?！澳沁_慕”在蒙古語中的意思是“游戲”，主要表現(xiàn)為三大賽事：賽馬、摔跤和射箭，每項運動都動人心魄！

On the first day, I?set off?to the games early with my friend Burin. I saw a lot of people wearing?fancy?Mongolian robes. Some others were chatting or taking photographs. Burin told me that Mongolians travel every year from near and far to attend the festival, just as their ancestors had done for centuries.

(那達慕大會的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出發(fā)來到了會場。我看到很多人穿著華麗的蒙古袍。有的在喂馬，有的在練習射箭，其他人則在聊天或拍照。布林告訴我說，與他們數(shù)百年前的祖先一樣，蒙古人每年都會從四面八方趕來參加這一節(jié)日。

After the opening ceremony and some amazing performances, the wrestling competition began. Mongolian wrestling is different from the wrestling in the Olympic Games. There are no rounds, and wrestlers are not separated by weight. The wrestlers loses if any part of his body above his knee touches the ground. After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were?eagles. I was quite moved by their show of strength and grace.

在開幕式和幾項精彩的表演之后，摔跤比賽開始了。蒙古式摔跤與奧運會的摔跤比賽有所不同：比賽不分回合，摔跤手不分體重。如果摔跤手膝蓋以上任何部位著地即被判輸。幾首歌唱畢，選手們開始在草地上翩翩起舞，他們]揮動著雙臂，宛如雄鷹。這剛與柔的展示深深地打動了我。

I?absolutely?enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. However, I was surprised to see that the riders were boys and girls! I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.?At first, I was a little worried about the children’s safety, but Burin said, “Don’t worry. They’ve been riding horses all their lives. They’ll be just fine.” That was the?moment?I started to understand why people say “Horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture”. ...

射箭同樣令我嘆為觀止，但賽馬才是我最喜愛的部分。然而，看到賽馬選手們都是男孩和女孩，我十分驚訝！聽說這是因為兒童體重更輕，馬兒才能跑得更快、更遠。剛開始的時候，我有點擔心這些孩子的安全，但布林卻說：“別擔心，他們是在馬背上長大的，不會有事的?！蔽翌D時明白了為什么人們說“馬是蒙古文化的核心”了?！?/p>

I’m finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and eat hot?pot. I can’t wait!

我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但能和我的朋友一起慶祝那達慕，再累也是值得的。他邀請我冬天時再去住傳統(tǒng)的蒙古包，吃火鍋。我已經(jīng)迫不及待了！

Unit2 Morals and Virtues?

Reading and Thinking (P16)

MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES

萬嬰之母

“Life is?precious. ... To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.

“生命誠可貴?！瓕σ粋€人來說，生命是最寶貴的，而現(xiàn)在這個人對你說，我把生命交給你，那么你還說什么呢？你冷？你餓？你困？”?從林巧稚醫(yī)生的這番話，我們可以看到這位偉大女性的內心世界，以及到底是什么支撐著她走過充滿艱難抉擇的一生。

As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of?marriage?like the?majority?ofgirls, she chose to study medicine. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother?complained, thinking of the high tuition?fees. She?responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”

林巧稚五歲時母親病故，這對她影響極大。十八歲時，她沒有像大多數(shù)的女孩那樣走上婚姻這一傳統(tǒng)道路，而是選擇了學醫(yī)?！芭⒆幼x那么多書干嘛？找個好丈夫才是她們的歸宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的學費就這么抱怨。她回答：“我寧愿一輩子不嫁人，也要學醫(yī)！”

Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wehai?Scholarship, the highest prize given to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever to be?hired?as a resident?physician?in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in 1939, in the US. She greatly impressed her American colleagues, who invited her to stay. Dr Lin, however,?rejectedthe offer. She wanted to serve the women and children at home.

八年后，林巧稚畢業(yè)于北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院，并獲得了該校畢業(yè)生的最高榮譽獎——“文海”獎學金。她隨即成為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院婦產(chǎn)科有史以來第一位被聘為住院醫(yī)師的女性。不到六個月，她就成了住院主任醫(yī)師，而升任這一職位通常需要四年時間。工作了幾年之后，她被派往歐洲學習，之后于1939年又赴美學習。美國同行對她印象極佳，邀請她留下。但是，林醫(yī)生謝絕了邀請。她希望服務祖國的婦女和兒童。

In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department was closed because of the war. Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private?clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.

1941年，林醫(yī)生成為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科的首位中國籍女主任，但是僅僅數(shù)月之后，婦產(chǎn)科就因為戰(zhàn)爭而關閉。想到還有那么多人需要幫助，林醫(yī)生開辦了一間私人診所。她向病人收取的治療費用極低，而且經(jīng)常為窮苦病人減免費用。有時，人們甚至會看到她騎著毛驢去偏遠的鄉(xiāng)村給人看病。

The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi?playing a key role.?In 1954, she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and, over the next severaldecades, she held many important positions. Her heart, however, was?elsewhere. She was more interested in?tending?patients,?publishing?medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. “The OB-GYN department cares for two lives,” She told new?staff?in her department. “As doctors, we should?be responsible for?the patients and treat them as our sisters.”

1941年，林醫(yī)生成為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科的首位中國籍女主任，但是僅僅數(shù)月之后，婦產(chǎn)科就因為戰(zhàn)爭而關閉。想到還有那么多人需要幫助，林醫(yī)生開辦了一間私人診所。她向病人收取的治療費用極低，而且經(jīng)常為窮苦病人減免費用。有時，人們甚至會看到她騎著毛驢去偏遠的鄉(xiāng)村給人看病。

雖然林巧稚終身未婚，但是她被稱為“萬嬰之母”，她一生中親手接生的嬰兒有五萬多名。

Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she?was known as?the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. Dr Lin did notretire?until the day she died, 22 April 1983. Since she had no children?of her own, she left her?savings?to a?kindergarten?and a fund for new doctors. And even as she lay dying, her final thoughts were for others: “I’m ready to go,” she said. “Don’t try to rescue me any more. Don’t waste the medicine any more.”

林醫(yī)生堅守在崗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。由于自己沒有孩子，她把積蓄捐給了一家幼兒園和一項新醫(yī)生基金。臨終時，她仍在為別人著想。“我要走了，”她說，“不要再搶救了，不要再浪費藥品了。”

Unit2 Reading for Writing (P20)

THE STONE IN THE ROAD

擋道的石頭

Once upon a time?there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day, he had an idea.

從前有個國王，他經(jīng)常思考：“如果一個國家的人民只會抱怨，而且總是期待別人來解決他們的問題，那么這個國家就不會有什么好事?！?有一天，他想到一個辦法。

Early one morning, the king disguised himself and went to a local village. He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone. Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.

一天清晨，國王喬裝打扮一番后，來到了當?shù)氐囊蛔迩f。他在主路中間放了一塊大石頭，并且在石頭下面藏了幾枚金幣。然后，他就躲在一棵大楓樹后觀察。

The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart. He crashed into the stone, pilling the milk everywhere, “What fool put this stone here?” he shouted. Hepicked himself up?and angrily went away.

路上走來的第一個人是推著車子的送奶工。他撞到石頭上，把牛奶潑得到處都是，他大喊：“哪個傻瓜把石頭放在這兒了？” 他從地上爬起來，氣呼呼地走了。

After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head. One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away in?tears.?Neither?she?nor?her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.

過了一會兒，一群婦女走了過來，她們每個人頭上都頂著一罐水。其中一個女人被石頭絆倒了，水罐也摔到地上。她從地上爬起來，噙著淚一瘸一拐地走了。無論是她自己，還是她的同伴，都沒有想到把石頭從路中間挪開。

The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody?making an attempt to?move it. The king was in despair. “Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to?keep?their neighbours?from?harm?”

國王觀察了一整天，看到許多人都在埋怨這塊石頭，卻沒人試著把它挪開。國王絕望了。“難道整個村子都沒有一個人覺得有責任讓鄰居免遭不測嗎？”

Just then, the king saw a young girl coming along. She was the daughter of a local farmer. She had been working all day and was very tired. But when she saw the stone, she said to herself, “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark. I’ll move it out of the way.”

就在這時，國王看見一個年輕的姑娘迎面走來。小姑娘是當?shù)匾晃晦r(nóng)民的女兒。忙活了一天，她疲憊不堪。然而，當她看到那塊石頭，她自言自語道：“對于天黑以后走在這條路上的人來說，這塊石頭很危險，我得把它從這條路上挪開?！?/p>

The girl pushed the stone with all her might. After a great deal of effort, she finally?succeeded in?moving it to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been!

女孩使出了全身力氣去推石頭。費了好大一番工夫，她終于成功地把石頭推到了路邊。想象一下，當她看到原先石頭所在之處的金幣時有多么驚訝！

Just then, the king stepped out from behind the tree. “Oh sir,” the girl said, “does this gold?belong to?you? If not, we surely must find the owner, for he will certainly miss it.”

此時，國王從樹后走了出來?！芭叮壬?，”女孩說道，“這些金幣是您的嗎？如果不是的話，我們得找到失主，他一定十分著急?！?/p>

The king said, “My dear, the gold is mine. I put it in the road and moved the stone over it. Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.”

國王答道：“親愛的，金幣是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石頭壓在上面。現(xiàn)在，金幣歸你了，因為我想教給我的子民的道理，只有你一人學會了。”

Unit3 Reading and Thinking (P28)

Wednesday, 21 June

6月21日，星期三

Today was my first day back in San Francisco after camping in the Redwood Forest and visiting the wine country of Napa Valley. I have to?admit?that it?definitelyfeels good to be back in the city again. And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that?occurred?in 1906. There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.

在紅杉林露營并參觀了納帕谷酒鄉(xiāng)后，今天是我回到舊金山的第一天。我得承認，再次回到城里的感覺實在是太棒了。多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。這里有眾多美麗的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巔， 城市、大海和金門大橋美景盡收眼底。

My hotel is near?downtown, in the?Mission?District, one of the oldest parts of the city. Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America. This district?used to be?a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food.?In fact, an art movement called the “Mission School” started here. It’s influenced by graffiti art and?comic?art. I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours. It was quite modern and lively.?Afterwards, I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck. A real mix of cultures here!

我住的旅館靠近市中心，位于教會區(qū)，這是舊金山最古老的街區(qū)之一。這里的許多居民來自墨西哥或中美洲。這個區(qū)過去是城里的一個貧困區(qū)域，而現(xiàn)在是藝術、音樂和美食中心。事實上，一場名為“教會派”的藝術運動就發(fā)源于此。這一運動深受涂鴉藝術和漫畫藝術的影響。一連好幾個小時，我四處走著，欣賞街頭藝術。這些藝術十分現(xiàn)代，也很生動。隨后，我吃了一份快餐車售賣的美味的墨西哥式中國面。這真是文化的交融啊!

In the afternoon, I?headed to?a local museum that showed the historical changes in California.I learnt that America got California from Mexico in 1848. In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush. Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to?seek?their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this period. To?earn?a living, someopened up?shops and restaurants in Chinatown. Many others found jobs on farms, joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that joined California to the eastern region of the country. The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures. When these immigrants left their countries, they carried a bit of home in their hearts, and built a new home here.

下午，我前往當?shù)匾患也┪镳^參觀，博物館展示了加利福尼亞的歷史變遷。我了解到，1948年美國從墨西哥手中得到加利福尼亞。同年，舊金山附近發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金，引發(fā)了淘金熱。世界各地30多萬人蜂擁而至，在這里謀出路，舊金山迅速成為一座大都市。很多中國人也在這個時期來到此地。為了謀生，有些人在唐人街開商店、開餐館。更多的人則在農(nóng)場打工、加入淘金大軍，或者參與修建加州通往美國東部的鐵路。這家博物館完美地展示了美國是如何由不同國家和文化的移民建設起來的。這些移民離開他們的祖國時，心中裝著一片故土，最終在這里建立了新家園。

This evening, I went to Chinatown. There were so many cafés and restaurants to choose from. I?selected?a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful?chinaplates. What great food!

今晚，我去了唐人街。這里有很多不錯的咖啡館和餐館可供選擇。我挑了一家粵菜館，他們端出來的菜肴是放在精美的瓷盤子上的。太好吃了！

That’s enough for today. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to a?jazz?bar?in the Richmond Distinct. Can’t wait!

今天就寫到這里吧。明天晚上，我要去里上滿區(qū)的一家爵士酒吧。我已經(jīng)迫不及待了!

Unit3 Reading for Writing (P32?)

WELCOME TO CHINATOWN!

唐人街歡迎您！

The Chinatown in San Francisco is the biggest in America, and also the oldest. It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge. The?climate?is?mild?all year round,?meaning it is always a good time to visit.

舊金山的唐人街在全美規(guī)模最大、歷史最為悠久，是一個非常受歡迎的旅游景點，每年接待的游客甚至比金門大橋還多。這里一年四季氣候溫和，這意味著任何時候都適宜來游覽。

Historically, Chinese immigrants?settled?in the area during the railroadconstruction?and gold rush period. What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then?turned into?a centre tor Chinese culture. The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently. This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China.

歷史上，，在修筑鐵路和淘金熱時期，來自中國的移民定居于此。這里原本是中國移民的居住地，后來變成一個中國文化中心。如今唐人街的絕大多數(shù)居民依舊是華人，他們中很多人英語說得并不流利，這能讓游客體驗到正宗的中國味。

Most of Chinatown was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake, but the city and residents rebuilt it,?taking care?to include lots of Chinese architecture. Traditionally, visitors enter Chinatown through the legendary?Dragon Gate, which was built usingmaterials?donated from China. Other famous sites include the Tin How Temple and Bank of Canton, to name but a few. Visitors can also spend hours just exploring the interesting sights, smells, and sounds of China. Portsmouth Square is also a key site, being the centre of Chinatown. It has a long and famous history, with the author Robert Louis Stevenson having?spent much time writing?there. These days, the square is a great place to see traditional Chinese culture in real life, such as games of Chinese chess, and people practising tai chi.

唐人街的大部分建筑毀于1906年的大地震，但是市政府和居民將它重建，并且特地融人諸多中國建筑元素。傳統(tǒng)上，游客從具有傳奇色彩的龍門走入唐人街，龍門的建筑材料是由中國捐贈的。其他的著名景點還有天后古廟、廣東銀行等，不勝枚舉。游客亦可花上數(shù)小時，一探此地的中國味道與美景聲色。作為唐人街的中心，花園角廣場也是一個重要景點。廣場歷史悠久，聲名遠揚，作家羅伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森曾長居于此進行創(chuàng)作。如今，花園角廣場已經(jīng)成為游客的一個好去處，可以欣賞現(xiàn)實生活里的中國傳統(tǒng)文化，如中國象棋和打太極拳。

The stores in the Chinatown offer a unique range of souvenirs, goods, and clothing. All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, where visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea.

唐人街的商店出售各式特色紀念品、貨物和衣服。此外，各種各樣的中草藥也隨處可見，還有中國茶葉商店，游客可以品嘗和購買各種中國茶葉。

But perhaps what many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. There is Chinese food to?suit?everyone’s taste, with traditional dishes from all over China.

然而，很多游客和舊金山人最鐘愛的或許是唐人街的美食。這里有著來自中國各地的傳統(tǒng)菜肴，各種口味，應有盡有。

Chinatowns are an important part of the diverse culture of the USA. They allow visitors who have never been to China to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand.

唐人街是美國多元文化的一個重要組成部分，未曾踏足中國的游客可以在唐人街近距離感受中國傳統(tǒng)文化。

Unit4 Space Exploration

Unit4 Reading and Thinking (P40)

SPACE:THE FINAL FRONTIER

太空:最后的邊緣

?“Are we alone? What's out there? "?Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted?to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. They makevehicles?to carry brave people into space to?find out?the secrets of the?universe.

仰望星空，(人們)不禁要問:“我們是孤獨的嗎?那里是什么?”?人們一直想更多地了解太空，而且科學家在努力工作尋求答案，為了查明字宙的秘密他們制做了交通工具把那些勇敢的人帶到太空找出宇宙的秘密。

___________________________________________________________

他們也真的希望能發(fā)現(xiàn)其他適合生命生存的行星

Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible?dream. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to?explore space.?___________________On 4 October 1957,?the Sputnik 1satellite?was?launched?by the USSR and successfully?orbited?around?Earth. Afterwards, the USSR?focused on?sending people into space, and on 12 April_________________?1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the?world to go into space. Over eight years later, on?20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong?stepped onto the moon, famously saying, "That’s?one small step for?(a) man, one giant leap for?mankind. Following this, many more goals were?achieved. For example, America's NASA space?agency?launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977?to study deep space, and it still transmits?data?today.

在20世紀中期以后，絕大多數(shù)人認為太空旅行是不可能的。然而，一些科學家決意要幫助人類實現(xiàn)探索太空的夢想。經(jīng)過多次實驗之后，他們成功地造出了能夠逃脫地球引力的火箭。在1957年10月4日，蘇聯(lián)成功發(fā)射了 Sputnik1號衛(wèi)星，且成功地實現(xiàn)了讓衛(wèi)星繞地球運轉。后來蘇聯(lián)專注于研究送人類進入太空(這個問題)并且在1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上進入太空的第一人.?八年之后，也就是在1969年7月20日，美國宇航員尼爾?阿姆斯特朗登上月球，說了一句著名的話，“對一個人來說，這是一小步;對人類來說，這是一大步?！彪S之而來的是，許多目標都實現(xiàn)了。例如，為了研究外層空間，美國航空航天局在1977年9月5日發(fā)射了航行者1號，時至今日它仍然在傳送一些數(shù)據(jù)。

________________________________________________________________________________

All the astronauts on the USSR'S Soyuz 11 and?Americas Challenger died during their missions.?These disasters made everyone sad and?disappointed,?but thedesire?to explore the universe never died. This is because people believe in?the importance of?carrying on?space exploration despite the huge risks.?An example of this ongoing work is the International Space Station.?It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board?providing a continuous human presence in space.

雖然科學家竭力確保不出任何錯誤，但事故仍然可能發(fā)生。在執(zhí)行任務期間，在蘇聯(lián)的聯(lián)盟者11號和美國的挑戰(zhàn)者(飛船上)的所有宇航員全部遇難。這些災難讓每個人感到悲傷和失望，但是(人們)探索字宙的渴望從未泯滅。這是因為人們堅信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面臨巨大的風險。這種繼續(xù)努力的一個例子就是國際太空站。它繞地球運行，允許來自不同國家的字航員搭乘，讓入類持續(xù)不斷地出現(xiàn)在太空中。

China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the?US, but it hasmade great progress?in a short time. China became?the third country in the world to?independently send humans into?space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the?Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a secondmanned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle?Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. After that,?China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou?1 to dock with it. This?signalled?one step further in China’s plan to?establish a space station in the future. More recently, China has sentChang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make?measurements and observations.

中國的太空計劃開始得比俄國和美國都晚。但是在短時間內取得了很大進步，在2003年，中國成為世界上第三個獨立自主把人類送入太空的國家，當時楊利偉在神舟五號字宙飛船里成功地繞地球運行。此后神舟六號和七號分別完成了第二次載人飛行以及中國人的第一次太空行走，緊接著月球探測車玉兔也被發(fā)射到月球去研究其表面。之后中國把天宮二號太空實驗室送入太空，并且與天舟ー號實現(xiàn)對接。這標志著中國未來建立空間站的計劃又前進了一步。最近，為了做好測量和觀測，中國已經(jīng)發(fā)射了嫦娥四號去探測月球離我們較遠的那一邊的表面。

_____________________________________，Europe, the US, and China all haveplans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties,?scientists hope future discoveries will?not only?enable us to understand how the universe?began,?but also?help us survive well into the future

字航探索的未來充滿光明，歐洲、美國和中國都有計劃要進步研究和探索像火星和木星這樣的行星。盡管困難重重，科學家們希望未來的發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅能夠使我們了解字宙的起源，而且還幫助我們更好地走向未來.

Unit4 Reading for Writing (P )

Countries around the?globe?are?spending?billions?of?dollars and lots of time?on?various space?missions,?whether?to Mars?or?other planets?much further away. Some peopleargue?that we?should?stop wasting?time and money?exploring?space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor?and find immediate solutions to other problems,?such aspollution and fatal diseases. However?others feel this is a?shallow?view which fails torealise now exploring?space helps us.

Firstly, exploring space has already?made a?difference?in the?fight?against?world hunger. It?has directly?resulted in?the many satellites that?now orbit Earth.?A number of?the satellites?record data on land and weather?patterns.?Then the data is transmitted to scientists on?Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists?can provide useful recommendations and?advice for farmers.?As a result, space-based?science has helped farming in its efforts to?grow enough food to feed Earth' s increasing?population.

Secondly, space exploration has already promoted?technological improvements that benefit us all.?High-end products around the world are made?to a higher standard nowbecause of?advanced?technology which was first created to meet the?requirements for space exploration.?For example?space technologies have helped the research?and development of different types of new?material. They have also helped companies makebetter heart?monitors?and other machines that?doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies?are widely used in all kinds of industries, and?everyday products such as GPS, memory foam?pillows, and smartphone cameras are changing?our lives

Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped?people to think about the world's problems and?even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures?of our planet as an island in a black sea made?people realise that our planets?resources?are?limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly?increasing population, scientists are trying to?find other planets that could one day be our new?home. The greatest attention at present is on?Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future?humans may live on both planets.

?In closing,?exploring space provides the world?with many different benefits. Therefore, it?should continue so as to provide new and better?solutions to people's short-term and long-term?problems.

Unit5?The Value of Money

?Reading and Thinking (P)

THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE

百萬英鎊

ACT 1??SCENE 3???第一幕??第3場

Narrator:?Two rich brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a?bet. Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. They see a poor young man walking outside their house. It is Henry Adams.

旁白：1903年的夏天。一對富有的兄弟，羅德里克和奧利弗，打了一個賭。奧利弗認為，一個人靠一張百萬英鎊的鈔票在倫敦能活一個月。他的兄弟羅德里克對此表示懷疑。他們看見一個貧窮的年輕人在房子的外面游蕩。他叫亨利·亞當斯。

Roderick:?Young man, would you step inside a moment, please?

羅德里克：年輕人，請你進來一會兒，好嗎？

Henry:?Who? Me, sir?????????????????????????亨 利：先生，你叫誰呀？是叫我嗎？

Roderick:?Yes, you.????????????????????????羅德里克：是的，就是你。

Servant:?(opening a door)?Good morning, sir. Would you please come in?

仆 人：(打開門)早上好，先生，請進。

?(Henry enters the house)????????????????????????(亨利走進房子)

Roderick:?How do you do, Mr ... er ...?????????????羅德里克：你好，先生，你貴姓？

Henry:?Adams. Henry Adams.????????????????????????亨 利：亞當斯，亨利·亞當斯。

Oliver:?Come and sit down, Mr Adams.????????????奧利弗：來，請坐，亞當斯先生。

Henry:?Thank you.????????????????????????????????????亨 利：謝謝。

Roderick:?You’re an American??????????????????????????羅德里克：你是美國人？

Henry:?That’s right, from San Francisco.????????????亨 利：是的，從舊金山來。

Roderick: May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are?

羅德里克：可不可以問問，你在這個國家要干點兒什么？你的計劃又是什么呢？

Henry:?Well, I can’t say that I have any plans.?As a matter of fact,?I landed in Britain by accident.

亨 利：嗯，談不上有什么計劃。事實上，我在英國上岸是偶然的。

Oliver:?How is that possible?????????????????????????奧利弗：這怎么可能呢？

Henry:?Well, I had my own boat. About a month ago, I was?sailing, and towards night I found myself carried out?to sea by a strong wind. The next morning I was?spottedby a ship.

亨 利：嗯，我有自己的船。大約一個月前，我開著船，晚上的時候我發(fā)現(xiàn)我被一陣大風刮到海上去了。第二天早上，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。

Oliver:?And it was the ship that brought you to England.

羅德里克：正是那艘船把你帶到了英國。

Henry:?Yes. I went to the American consulate to seek help, but ... Anyway, I didn’t dare to try again. (The brothers smile at each other.)

亨 利：是的。我上美國大使館求助，但是……不管怎樣，我不敢再去嘗試了。(兄弟倆相顧而笑)

Roderick:?Well, you mustn’t worry about that. It’s an advantage.

羅德里克：嗯，這一點你倒不必擔心，這還是優(yōu)點呢。

Henry:?I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you, sir.????????????亨 利：對不起，先生，你的話我沒有聽懂。

Roderick:?Tell us, what?sort?of work did you do in America?

奧利弗：請你告訴我們，你在美國是做什么工作的？

Henry:?I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me work here?

亨 利：我在一家礦業(yè)公司工作。你們能不能給我提供工作呢？

Roderick:?Patience. If you don’t mind, may I ask you how much money you have?

羅德里克：耐心點兒。如果你不介意，我能不能問問，你手頭兒有多少錢？

Henry:?Well,?to be honest, I have none.????????????????????????亨 利：嗯，老實說，我一分錢都沒有了。

Oliver:?(happily)?What luck! Brother, what luck!????????????奧利弗：(高興地)老兄，真走運！真有運氣！

Henry:?Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I?ought?to be?on my way.

亨 利：嗯，這對你們來說可能是運氣，但對我來說可不是。如果你們認為這是一個笑話，我可不覺得很好笑。好了，請原諒，我想我該上路了。

Roderick:?Please don’t go. You mustn’t think we don’t?care about?you. Oliver, give him the letter.

羅德里克：請別走。你千萬不要以為我們不在意你的感受。奧利弗，把信給他。

Oliver:?Yes, I?was about to?go get the letter. Wait!?(getting it from a desk and giving it to Henry)?The letter.

奧利弗：好的，我正想去拿信呢。稍等一下！(從桌上把信拿起來，遞給亨利)給你信。

Henry:?(taking it carefully)?For me?????????????????????????亨 利：(小心翼翼地接過信)是給我的嗎？

Roderick:?For you.?(Henry starts to open it)?Oh, no, you’d better not open it. You can’t open it until two o’clock.

羅德里克：是給你的。(亨利要拆信)啊，別拆，你不要拆，到兩點鐘你才能打開。

Henry:?Oh, this is silly.????????????????????????????????????亨 利：噢，這真可笑。

Roderick:?Not silly. There’s money in it.????????????羅德里克：這不可笑，這里邊有錢呢。

Henry:?Oh, no. I don’t want your charity. I just want a job that earns an honest income.

亨 利：噢，不，我不需要你們的施舍，我只要一份老老實實的工作。

Roderick:?We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we’ve given you the letter.?(to the servant)?Show?Mr Adams?out.

羅德里克：我們知道你工作是很賣力的，這正是我們給你這封信的原因。(對仆人說)請送亞當斯先生出去。

Oliver:?Good luck, Mr Adams.????????????????????????奧利弗：祝你好運，亞當斯先生。

Henry:?Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about?

亨 利：嗯，怎么不給我講講，這究竟是怎么回事呢？

Roderick:?You’ll soon know. In exactly an hour and a half.

羅德里克：你很快就會明白的。一個半小時以后。

Servant:?This way, sir.????????????????????????????????????仆 人：請這邊走，先生。

Roderick:?Not until 2 o’clock. Promise?????????????羅德里克：兩點鐘以前不要拆信，答應嗎？

Henry:?Promise. Goodbye.????????????????????????亨 利：答應。再見！

Unit5?Reading for Writing (P )

ACT 2. SCENE 1

Narrator:?Henry is walking along the street holding?the bank note in his hand. His coat is?worn in several places. He sees a sign?for a?tailors?shop.

旁白：亨利手里拿著鈔票正沿街道走著，?他的外套破了幾個地方，?他看到了一家裁縫店。

亨利：（走下樓梯后）你能給我看一套西裝嗎？

職員：可以，先生。 這邊請。 啊，我們到了，你需要的東西。

Henry:(entering the shop)?I'd like to have a suit?coat.

亨利：（走進商店）我想要一件西裝外套。

1st Clerk: (in a rude?manner) See him there.?(pointing to?another clerk)

第一個店員：（粗魯?shù)兀ツ抢铮ㄖ钢硪粋€職員）

2nd Clerk:?Ready-made suits??Downstairs.

第二個店員：現(xiàn)成的西裝？ 在樓下。

Henry:?(after going down some?stairs)?Can you?show me a suit, please?

亨利：（走下樓梯后）你能給我看一套西裝嗎？

3rd Clerk:?Yes, I can, sir. This way, please. Ah, here?we are, the very thing you need.

店員：可以，先生。 這邊請。 啊，我們到了，你需要的東西。

1st Clerk:?(pulling the 3rd clerk aside and?whispering)?Mr Reid says you'd betterserve him quick and?get him out?quick.

第一店員：（把第三店員拉到一邊低聲說）里德先生說，你最好快點為他服務，讓他快點出去。

3rd Clerk:?I know what I'm doing. I've got eyes?haven’t?I?

職員：我知道我在做什么。 我有眼睛，不是嗎？

Henry:?It's a little too bright, isn’t it??亨利：有點太亮了，不是嗎？

3rd Clerk:?(looking at him with a frown)?It's all we?have?in?your Size.

第三店員：（皺著眉頭看著他）這是我們全部的適合你的尺碼的衣服。

Henry:?Well, I suppose it?ought to?do for now. I'll?take it.

亨利：嗯，我想現(xiàn)在應該能將就。 我買了。

3rd Clerk:?Good. Shall I put it in a box??第三店員：很好。 我要把它放進盒子里嗎？

Henry:?No, I'll?wear it. Oh, I'd rather not?pay you?now. I'd like to pay in a month. You see?I don't have any small change.

亨利：不，我現(xiàn)在穿的。 哦，我現(xiàn)在不想付錢給你，?我想在一個月內付款，你看我沒有零錢。

3rd Clerk:?(trying not to show he’s angry)?I suppose?a gentleman like you only carries very?large bills.

?第三店員：（努力不顯示他生氣）我想像你這樣的紳士只帶很大的鈔票。

Henry:?Now, you shouldn't judge people by their?clothes. I just don't want to cause you?trouble with a large note.?亨利：現(xiàn)在，你不應該用衣服來評判別人，?我只是不想因為票額大給你帶來麻煩。

3rd Clerk:?It's no trouble at all??店員：一點也不麻煩

Henry:?In that case, there's no problem.?(He gives?the clerk the bank note. The clerk drops?Henrys coat. Then he folds the bill and?slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at?something he can’t believe is there.)

亨利：那樣的話，沒問題。 (他把銀行票據(jù)給了職員，?店員把亨利的外套放下，?然后他把鈔票折疊起來，慢慢地又打開它，好像在看他難以置信的東西。

Owner:?Well, what seems to be the trouble??店主：嗯，有什么麻煩？

Henry:?I'm just waiting for my change.?亨利：我只是在等找我的零錢。

Owner:?Give him his change, Todd. Get going…?(after getting the bank note from Todd)?Would it…could it be the one I saw in the?papers last week? I remember thinking that?never would I hold such a note as this..to?Henry)?Oh, take off this coat, sir.?(to Todd)?Go?get the others, Todd!?(to Henry again)?Allow?me, sir! This way, sir

店主：托德，給他零錢。 去吧...（從托德那里拿到銀行票據(jù)后）是不是...是我上周在報紙上看到的那個嗎？ 我記得我曾經(jīng)想過我永遠不會拿這樣一張鈔票...給亨利)哦，脫下這件外套，先生。 （對托德）去換其他衣服吧，托德?。▽嗬┱堅试S我，先生！ 先生，這邊

?(in another part of the shop, where there is a wide range of?options for Henry to choose from)

（在商店的另一個地方，亨利有各種各樣的衣服可供選擇）

Henry:?This is nice, but I really don’t need it.?亨利：這很好，但我真的不需要它。

Owner:?Never mind.(?with a?broad?smile) Oh, it's?perfect! It was made for some king but he’ll?just have to wait. You'll need many suits for?many occasions. Yes,indeed?you will?.

店主：沒關系…?（帶著燦爛的笑容）哦，太完美了！ 它是為某個國王做的，但他只能等了，你需要很多場合的很多西裝。 是的，你會的。

Henry:?Wait a minute. I only came here to get a suit?coat to wear today. I dare not buy all these?things. You would have to wait a long time to?get paid.

亨利：等一下。?我今天來這里只是為了買套西裝。 我不敢買所有這些東西。 你得等很長時間才能得到付款。

Owner:?A long time, sir? Why, you don't have to?worry about that.

老板：很長時間了，先生？ 為什么你不用擔心這個。

3rd Clerk:?Yes, we can wait forever!?第三店員：是的，我們可以等一輩子！

Henry:?Well, all right. I'll take the suit coat for now?and get the others later

亨利：嗯，好吧。 我現(xiàn)在就買這套西裝，其它的以后再拿

Owner:?Fine, fine. Your address, sir??店主：好吧，好吧。?你的地址，先生？

Henry:?I don't have one. Er…?I'm moving。亨利：我沒有。 呃...我要搬家了

Owner:?Of course you are! That’s very?normal! A?busy man, I'm sure.

店主：你當然是！！ 那很正常！忙人，我敢肯定。